For each risk factor. click to specify whether the risk factor results in respiratory acidosis or metabolic acidosis.
Opiate drugs
Atelectasis
Hypoventilation
Renal failure
Airway obstruction
Diarrhea
The Correct Answer is {"A":{"answers":"B"},"B":{"answers":"B"},"C":{"answers":"B"},"D":{"answers":"A"},"E":{"answers":"B"},"F":{"answers":"A"}}
A. Opiate drugs cause respiratory acidosis by depressing the central nervous system, specifically the respiratory centers in the brainstem, leading to reduced ventilation and accumulation of carbon dioxide. This increases arterial PCO2, lowering blood pH. The patient’s exposure to opiates aligns with this mechanism, as it impairs the physiological need for adequate respiration, a key component of Maslow’s hierarchy.
B. Atelectasis results in respiratory acidosis due to collapsed alveoli, which reduces effective gas exchange and causes carbon dioxide retention. This elevates PCO2, decreasing pH. The patient’s condition of atelectasis directly contributes to hypoventilation, supporting this classification.
C. Hypoventilation leads to respiratory acidosis by decreasing alveolar ventilation, causing carbon dioxide buildup. Elevated PCO2 lowers blood pH. The patient’s hypoventilation directly correlates with this mechanism, as it disrupts the respiratory system’s ability to maintain acid-base balance.
D. Renal failure causes metabolic acidosis by impairing the kidneys’ ability to excrete hydrogen ions and reabsorb bicarbonate, leading to acid accumulation and reduced serum bicarbonate. This aligns with the patient’s renal failure, as it disrupts the renal regulation of acid-base homeostasis, a critical physiological need.
E. Airway obstruction results in respiratory acidosis by preventing adequate ventilation, leading to carbon dioxide retention and increased PCO2, which lowers pH. The patient’s airway obstruction directly causes this imbalance, impairing respiratory function.
F. Diarrhea causes metabolic acidosis due to excessive loss of bicarbonate-rich intestinal fluids, reducing serum bicarbonate and lowering pH. The patient’s diarrhea aligns with this mechanism, as it leads to a direct loss of base, disrupting acid-base equilibrium.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Poison ivy causes a type IV (cell-mediated) hypersensitivity reaction, where T-cells react to urushiol, triggering a delayed inflammatory response. This leads to dermatitis with itching and rash, making this the correct choice.
Choice B reason: Allergic hypersensitivity is a broad term, often referring to type I (IgE-mediated) reactions, like anaphylaxis. Poison ivy involves T-cell-mediated delayed hypersensitivity, not immediate allergic responses, making this choice incorrect.
Choice C reason: Immune complex hypersensitivity (type III) involves antigen-antibody complexes causing tissue damage, as in lupus. Poison ivy reactions are T-cell-driven, not immune complex-mediated, making this choice incorrect for the reaction.
Choice D reason: Cytotoxic hypersensitivity (type II) involves antibodies attacking cell surface antigens, as in hemolytic anemia. Poison ivy causes a T-cell-mediated skin reaction, not antibody-driven cytotoxicity, making this choice incorrect.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Increased skin pigmentation is associated with Addison’s disease due to elevated ACTH stimulating melanocytes. Cushing syndrome, caused by excess cortisol, typically causes skin thinning and bruising, not hyperpigmentation. The excess cortisol does not directly affect melanin production, making this choice incorrect.
Choice B reason: Cushing syndrome leads to weight gain, not weight loss, due to cortisol’s promotion of fat deposition in central areas (e.g., abdomen, face). Increased appetite and altered metabolism contribute to obesity, not weight loss, making this choice incorrect as it contradicts the metabolic effects of hypercortisolism.
Choice C reason: Cushing syndrome often causes hypertension, not decreased blood pressure, due to cortisol’s mineralocorticoid effects, increasing sodium retention and vascular resistance. Decreased blood pressure is more associated with adrenal insufficiency, making this choice incorrect as it does not align with Cushing syndrome’s pathophysiology.
Choice D reason: Cushing syndrome, characterized by excess cortisol, suppresses the immune system by inhibiting inflammatory responses and reducing lymphocyte activity. This increases susceptibility to infections and impairs wound healing, making decreased immune response a hallmark complication, which is why this choice is correct.
Whether you are a student looking to ace your exams or a practicing nurse seeking to enhance your expertise , our nursing education contents will empower you with the confidence and competence to make a difference in the lives of patients and become a respected leader in the healthcare field.
Visit Naxlex, invest in your future and unlock endless possibilities with our unparalleled nursing education contents today
Report Wrong Answer on the Current Question
Do you disagree with the answer? If yes, what is your expected answer? Explain.
Kindly be descriptive with the issue you are facing.