For each risk factor. click to specify whether the risk factor results in respiratory acidosis or metabolic acidosis.
Opiate drugs
Atelectasis
Hypoventilation
Renal failure
Airway obstruction
Diarrhea
The Correct Answer is {"A":{"answers":"B"},"B":{"answers":"B"},"C":{"answers":"B"},"D":{"answers":"A"},"E":{"answers":"B"},"F":{"answers":"A"}}
A. Opiate drugs cause respiratory acidosis by depressing the central nervous system, specifically the respiratory centers in the brainstem, leading to reduced ventilation and accumulation of carbon dioxide. This increases arterial PCO2, lowering blood pH. The patient’s exposure to opiates aligns with this mechanism, as it impairs the physiological need for adequate respiration, a key component of Maslow’s hierarchy.
B. Atelectasis results in respiratory acidosis due to collapsed alveoli, which reduces effective gas exchange and causes carbon dioxide retention. This elevates PCO2, decreasing pH. The patient’s condition of atelectasis directly contributes to hypoventilation, supporting this classification.
C. Hypoventilation leads to respiratory acidosis by decreasing alveolar ventilation, causing carbon dioxide buildup. Elevated PCO2 lowers blood pH. The patient’s hypoventilation directly correlates with this mechanism, as it disrupts the respiratory system’s ability to maintain acid-base balance.
D. Renal failure causes metabolic acidosis by impairing the kidneys’ ability to excrete hydrogen ions and reabsorb bicarbonate, leading to acid accumulation and reduced serum bicarbonate. This aligns with the patient’s renal failure, as it disrupts the renal regulation of acid-base homeostasis, a critical physiological need.
E. Airway obstruction results in respiratory acidosis by preventing adequate ventilation, leading to carbon dioxide retention and increased PCO2, which lowers pH. The patient’s airway obstruction directly causes this imbalance, impairing respiratory function.
F. Diarrhea causes metabolic acidosis due to excessive loss of bicarbonate-rich intestinal fluids, reducing serum bicarbonate and lowering pH. The patient’s diarrhea aligns with this mechanism, as it leads to a direct loss of base, disrupting acid-base equilibrium.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Abnormal tau proteins contribute to Alzheimer’s, forming neurofibrillary tangles, but damage is not limited to the frontal lobe. The hippocampus and other regions are primarily affected, leading to memory loss. This choice is too specific and incomplete, making it incorrect.
Choice B reason: Damaged blood vessels interrupting brain blood flow describe vascular dementia, not Alzheimer’s. Alzheimer’s involves neuronal degeneration from protein accumulation, not primarily vascular pathology, although vascular factors may contribute, making this choice incorrect for Alzheimer’s pathophysiology.
Choice C reason: Repeated traumatic brain injuries cause chronic traumatic encephalopathy, not Alzheimer’s. While trauma may increase Alzheimer’s risk, the primary pathology involves amyloid and tau proteins, not trauma-induced encephalopathy, making this choice incorrect for the disease’s core pathophysiology.
Choice D reason: Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by amyloid-beta plaques and tau protein tangles, which disrupt neuronal function, particularly in the hippocampus, leading to memory impairment. These protein aggregates cause synaptic loss and neurodegeneration, accurately describing the disease’s pathophysiology, making this the correct choice.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Acute infections are not defined by location but by rapid onset and severity. While some infections may be localized, the hallmark is their abrupt, intense presentation, resolving quickly with treatment or spontaneously, making this choice incomplete and incorrect for fully describing acute infections.
Choice B reason: Acute infections are characterized by rapid onset, severe symptoms, and short duration, typically resolving within days to weeks. This reflects the body’s immediate immune response to pathogens, causing intense but transient symptoms, such as fever or pain, making this the correct choice.
Choice C reason: Non-apparent, prolonged symptoms describe subclinical or chronic infections, not acute ones. Acute infections present with noticeable, severe symptoms that resolve quickly, not persisting asymptomatically, making this choice incorrect for the characteristics of acute infections.
Choice D reason: Less severe, prolonged symptoms describe chronic infections, like tuberculosis, not acute infections. Acute infections feature rapid, intense symptoms that resolve quickly, not mild symptoms over time, making this choice incorrect for describing acute infections.
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