What laboratory finding is expected when a person has chronic renal failure?
Increased serum calcium level
Increased glomerular filtration rate
Increased hemoglobin level
Increased serum potassium level
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason: Chronic renal failure typically causes hypocalcemia due to reduced vitamin D activation and phosphate retention, not increased serum calcium. Kidneys fail to regulate calcium homeostasis, leading to bone and mineral disorders, making this choice incorrect.
Choice B reason: Increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) indicates healthy kidney function. Chronic renal failure is defined by decreased GFR, as nephrons are progressively damaged, reducing filtration capacity, making this choice incorrect for the condition.
Choice C reason: Chronic renal failure causes anemia due to decreased erythropoietin production, leading to low hemoglobin levels. Increased hemoglobin is not expected, as kidney dysfunction impairs red blood cell production, making this choice incorrect.
Choice D reason: Chronic renal failure impairs potassium excretion, leading to hyperkalemia (increased serum potassium). Damaged kidneys cannot filter potassium effectively, causing accumulation, which can lead to cardiac arrhythmias, making this the correct laboratory finding.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","B"]
Explanation
Choice A reason: Pyelonephritis, a bacterial kidney infection, causes intrarenal AKI by directly damaging renal parenchyma through inflammation and tubular injury. The infection disrupts nephron function, reducing filtration and leading to acute kidney injury, making this a correct cause of intrarenal damage.
Choice B reason: Nephrotoxins, such as certain drugs or chemicals, cause intrarenal AKI by directly injuring tubular epithelial cells. This disrupts renal filtration and reabsorption, leading to acute kidney injury through toxic cellular damage, making this a correct cause of intrarenal AKI.
Choice C reason: A bladder tumor causes postrenal AKI by obstructing urine outflow, leading to backpressure on the kidneys. It does not directly damage renal parenchyma, as intrarenal AKI requires, making this choice incorrect for intrarenal causes of kidney injury.
Choice D reason: Dehydration causes prerenal AKI by reducing blood volume and renal perfusion, not directly damaging the renal parenchyma. Intrarenal AKI involves intrinsic kidney damage, so dehydration’s hypoperfusion effect makes this choice incorrect for intrarenal AKI.
Choice E reason: Ureteral obstruction causes postrenal AKI by blocking urine flow, increasing pressure on the kidneys. It does not involve direct parenchymal damage, as required for intrarenal AKI, making this choice incorrect for the specified type of kidney injury.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: A vesicle is a small, elevated, thin-walled lesion filled with clear fluid, typically less than 1 cm, seen in conditions like herpes or contact dermatitis. This matches the description perfectly, making it the correct choice for the lesion.
Choice B reason: A pustule is an elevated lesion filled with pus, not clear fluid, indicating infection or inflammation. The description specifies clear fluid, not purulent content, making pustule incorrect for the described skin lesion.
Choice C reason: A macule is a flat, non-elevated skin lesion with color change, like a freckle, not containing fluid. The description of an elevated, fluid-filled lesion does not match, making macule incorrect for this scenario.
Choice D reason: A nodule is a solid, elevated lesion deeper in the skin, not thin-walled or fluid-filled. The description of a clear fluid-filled, elevated lesion does not fit a nodule’s characteristics, making this choice incorrect.
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