What are the clinical presentations of respiratory distress in a neonate? (Select all that apply.)
Unlabored irregular respirations
Grunting
5-second apneic periods
Nasal flaring
Use of accessory muscles
Correct Answer : B,D,E
Choice A rationale
Unlabored irregular respirations are not typically associated with respiratory distress in a neonate. In fact, newborns naturally have irregular breathing patterns, which can range from fast and shallow to slow and deep.
Choice B rationale
Grunting is a common symptom of respiratory distress in neonates. This is an involuntary noise that a baby makes when exhaling. It’s the baby’s attempt to keep air in the lungs to help them stay open and filled with air.
Choice C rationale
While apneic periods (pauses in breathing) can occur in neonates, a 5-second pause is within the normal range. Apnea of concern in neonates, particularly those with respiratory distress, is usually defined as cessation of breathing for 20 seconds or longer, or a shorter pause if it is accompanied by a slow heart rate or low oxygen levels.
Choice D rationale
Nasal flaring, where the nostrils spread open during breathing, is another common sign of respiratory distress in neonates. It’s an indication that the baby is having to work harder to breathe.
Choice E rationale
Use of accessory muscles is a sign of respiratory distress in neonates. This means the baby is using additional muscles (other than the diaphragm and chest muscles) to breathe. This can be seen as indrawing or retractions, where the skin pulls in between the ribs or the neck sinks in with each breath.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Smoking and drinking alcohol can indeed affect sperm count. Studies have shown that smoking and alcohol consumption do not significantly affect semen quality, but avoiding them is still considered good health advice.
Choice B rationale
Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infection that can be treated with medication. If treated properly, it should not affect the ability to conceive in the future.
Choice C rationale
The timing of intercourse for conception is usually centered around the time of ovulation, which typically occurs in the middle of the menstrual cycle, not three weeks after menstruation. Engaging in unprotected intercourse three weeks after her menstrual period may not be the most effective timing for conception.
Choice D rationale
Regular use of hot tubs can indeed decrease a man’s sperm count. The heat from hot tubs can affect sperm production, leading to a reduction in sperm count.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
A cervical cap is a small, thimble-shaped cup made of silicone that fits over the cervix to prevent sperm from reaching an egg. It must be fitted by a healthcare provider and requires a prescription.
Choice B rationale
The cervical sponge is a type of birth control that does not require a prescription. It is a small, donut-shaped device made of soft plastic foam that is inserted into the vagina before sex.
Choice C rationale
Condoms are a type of birth control that do not require a prescription. They are a barrier method that prevents sperm from reaching an egg.
Choice D rationale
Spermicide is a type of birth control that does not require a prescription. It is a chemical that kills sperm and is often used with other birth control methods to increase effectiveness.
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