What are the four Ts as they relate to postpartum hemorrhage?

Choice A rationale

Gastric problems later in life are not an immediate concern for infants with myelomeningocele, as they often arise secondary to neurological impairments or medications but do not pose immediate life-threatening risks at birth.

Choice B rationale

Respiratory depression in infants with myelomeningocele is rare unless coexisting brainstem anomalies or complications from anesthesia are present, which are typically managed during medical interventions.

Choice C rationale

Decreased cardiac output is not a primary risk in infants with myelomeningocele unless there is a coexisting cardiac anomaly, which is not a routine feature of this congenital condition.

Choice D rationale

Infection is a critical immediate risk due to the open neural tube defect in myelomeningocele, which exposes the spinal cord and meninges to environmental pathogens, increasing the risk of meningitis or systemic infection.

Choice A rationale

Projectile vomiting is not a typical symptom of diaphragmatic hernia. This condition primarily affects respiratory function due to lung compression by abdominal organs in the chest cavity.

Choice B rationale

High-pitched crying is not a hallmark symptom of diaphragmatic hernia. The condition primarily presents with respiratory distress due to lung underdevelopment and organ displacement.

Choice C rationale

Respiratory distress occurs due to lung compression and underdevelopment caused by abdominal organs herniating into the chest cavity. This is a primary symptom observed in diaphragmatic hernia cases.

Choice D rationale

Fecal incontinence is unrelated to diaphragmatic hernia. The condition primarily impacts respiratory function due to the displacement of abdominal organs into the thoracic cavity.