What are the symptoms of respiratory acidosis?
Headache and tremors
Trousseau's and Chvostek's signs
Crackles and rhonchi upon auscultation
Hyperactivity and reduced serum ionized calcium levels
The Correct Answer is A
A. Headache and tremors:
Respiratory acidosis leads to CO₂ retention, causing cerebral vasodilation, resulting in headache and neuromuscular irritability like tremors.
B. Trousseau's and Chvostek's signs:
These are signs of hypocalcemia, commonly seen in respiratory alkalosis, not acidosis.
C. Crackles and rhonchi upon auscultation:
These are lung sounds that might be present in respiratory conditions (like pneumonia or CHF) but are not specific symptoms of acid-base disturbances like respiratory acidosis.
D. Hyperactivity and reduced serum ionized calcium levels:
These findings are consistent with respiratory alkalosis, not acidosis.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Lymphedema:
Lymphedema is localized fluid accumulation due to lymphatic obstruction, usually unilateral and not associated with dyspnea or heart failure signs.
B. Congestive heart failure (CHF):
CHF leads to fluid buildup (causing JVD, edema) and respiratory symptoms (cough, dyspnea) due to impaired heart pumping.
C. Endocarditis:
Endocarditis is an infection of the heart valves, presenting more with fever, murmurs, and embolic signs, not classic CHF symptoms.
D. Atrial fibrillation:
AFib causes irregular heart rhythm, and may contribute to CHF, but on its own, AFib doesn’t cause pitting edema and JVD without underlying CHF.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. The general pathogen fighting system people are born with that does not change over time:
Innate immunity is nonspecific, present at birth, and provides immediate defense without adapting to specific pathogens.
B. The process in which endothelial cells are separated away from each other, making the capillaries larger:
This describes vascular permeability, a component of inflammation, not a definition of innate immunity.
C. The process by which the body automatically reacts to tissue injured by trauma or bacteria:
This describes the inflammatory response, which is a mechanism of innate immunity, but not the full definition of innate immunity itself.
D. The set of proteins that enhance the ability of the body to initiate the inflammatory response, attack a pathogen, and remove damaged cell material:
This describes the complement system, which is part of innate immunity, but again, it is not the complete definition of innate immunity.
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