Which disease is communicable and paralyzes muscles as early as six hours from exposure?
Botulism
Malaria
Lyme disease
West Nile virus
The Correct Answer is A
A. Botulism:
Botulism (caused by Clostridium botulinum) is a communicable disease that produces a toxin leading to rapid muscle paralysis, often starting within 6 hours of ingestion.
B. Malaria:
Malaria is a parasitic disease transmitted by mosquitoes that causes fever, chills, and anemia, not muscle paralysis.
C. Lyme disease:
Lyme disease, caused by Borrelia burgdorferi from tick bites, leads to joint pain, neurologic symptoms, and erythema migrans, but not acute paralysis.
D. West Nile virus:
West Nile virus can cause encephalitis and muscle weakness, but the paralysis onset is usually slower, not typically within 6 hours.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Mitral stenosis:
Mitral stenosis is narrowing of the mitral valve, often due to rheumatic heart disease, not IV drug use or infection.
B. Angina pectoris:
Angina is chest pain due to ischemia, not infection or vegetation on heart valves.
C. Aortic insufficiency:
Aortic insufficiency is leakage of the aortic valve, leading to volume overload, not typically associated with infection and petechiae.
D. Infective endocarditis:
IV drug users are at high risk for infective endocarditis. Symptoms include fever, chills, weakness, petechiae, and vegetations seen on echocardiogram.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. A callus that forms on an ossicle:
No callus forms on the ossicles with cerumen impaction. Ossicle problems (like otosclerosis) involve bone remodeling, not wax.
B. Inflammation of the innermost part of the ear:
This describes labyrinthitis or inner ear infections, not cerumen impaction.
C. Blockage of the ear canal due to built-up ear wax:
Cerumen impaction is the accumulation of earwax blocking the external ear canal, leading to symptoms like hearing loss or fullness.
D. Accumulation of skin cells behind the tympanic membrane or within the mastoid bone:
This describes a cholesteatoma, not cerumen impaction.
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