Which disease is communicable and paralyzes muscles as early as six hours from exposure?
Botulism
Malaria
Lyme disease
West Nile virus
The Correct Answer is A
A. Botulism:
Botulism (caused by Clostridium botulinum) is a communicable disease that produces a toxin leading to rapid muscle paralysis, often starting within 6 hours of ingestion.
B. Malaria:
Malaria is a parasitic disease transmitted by mosquitoes that causes fever, chills, and anemia, not muscle paralysis.
C. Lyme disease:
Lyme disease, caused by Borrelia burgdorferi from tick bites, leads to joint pain, neurologic symptoms, and erythema migrans, but not acute paralysis.
D. West Nile virus:
West Nile virus can cause encephalitis and muscle weakness, but the paralysis onset is usually slower, not typically within 6 hours.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Tachycardia:
Tachycardia is not a primary symptom of Lyme disease; it may occur if there’s secondary heart involvement (Lyme carditis) but is not the most common symptom.
B. Joint pain:
Lyme disease often causes migratory joint pain, especially in large joints like knees, often appearing weeks to months after infection.
C. Dark Urine:
Dark urine is more typical in liver disease or hemolytic conditions, not Lyme disease.
D. Cold Intolerance:
Cold intolerance is associated with hypothyroidism, not Lyme disease.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. The general pathogen fighting system people are born with that does not change over time:
Innate immunity is nonspecific, present at birth, and provides immediate defense without adapting to specific pathogens.
B. The process in which endothelial cells are separated away from each other, making the capillaries larger:
This describes vascular permeability, a component of inflammation, not a definition of innate immunity.
C. The process by which the body automatically reacts to tissue injured by trauma or bacteria:
This describes the inflammatory response, which is a mechanism of innate immunity, but not the full definition of innate immunity itself.
D. The set of proteins that enhance the ability of the body to initiate the inflammatory response, attack a pathogen, and remove damaged cell material:
This describes the complement system, which is part of innate immunity, but again, it is not the complete definition of innate immunity.
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