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Which term describes a solution such as 0.9% NaCl (normal saline) relative to red blood cells?

A.

Isotonic

B.

Exotonic

C.

Hypotonic

D.

Hypertonic

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Isotonic: An isotonic solution has the same solute concentration as blood plasma; thus, 0.9% NaCl does not cause cells to shrink or swell.

 

B. Exotonic: "Exotonic" is not a recognized term in fluid balance or physiology.

 

C. Hypotonic: A hypotonic solution (like 0.45% NaCl) has a lower solute concentration than blood, causing water to move into cells, possibly leading to swelling.

 

D. Hypertonic: A hypertonic solution (like 3% NaCl) has a higher solute concentration than blood, causing water to leave cells and leading to cell shrinkage.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Seizures and dilated (fixed) pupils:

These findings suggest severe neurological injury, such as brain herniation, not a TIA.

B. Double-vision and disorientation:

TIA often presents with neurological deficits like visual disturbances (double vision), disorientation, weakness, and slurred speech, which resolve within 24 hours.

C. Tinnitus and Diarrhea:

These symptoms are not typical for TIA; tinnitus relates to ear problems, and diarrhea relates to GI issues.

D. Clear speech and 2+ deep tendon reflex response:

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A ruptured or expanding abdominal aortic aneurysm causes sudden back and abdominal pain and is more common in people with hypertension.

B. Embolus:

An embolus would cause acute blockage, usually leading to ischemia downstream, but not arterial dilation.

C. Phlebitis:

Phlebitis is inflammation of a vein, not an artery, and does not cause sudden severe back pain.

D. Thrombus:

A thrombus is a clot, and while it can block vessels, it does not cause local dilation of arteries.

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