What causes a higher stroke volume?
Increased afterload
Decreased heart contractility
Increased preload
Decreased blood pressure
The Correct Answer is C
A. Increased afterload: Increased afterload, the resistance the heart must overcome to eject blood, typically reduces stroke volume because the heart has to work harder to push blood against higher pressure.
B. Decreased heart contractility: This would reduce stroke volume, as the heart would be less effective at pumping blood.
C. Increased preload: Preload refers to the volume of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole. An increased preload stretches the heart muscle, which typically leads to a stronger contraction and higher stroke volume.
D. Decreased blood pressure: While low blood pressure may reduce afterload, it doesn't directly increase stroke volume unless other factors are at play.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Pons: The pons is involved in regulating the rate and depth of breathing but is not the primary site affected by pyrogens for temperature regulation.
B. Cerebral cortex: The cerebral cortex is responsible for higher-order functions like reasoning and sensory perception but does not directly regulate body temperature in response to pyrogens.
C. Hypothalamus: The hypothalamus acts as the body’s thermostat and is directly affected by pyrogens, leading to the elevation of body temperature (fever) as part of the immune response.
D. Amygdala: The amygdala is primarily involved in emotion regulation and does not play a direct role in temperature regulation.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Enters the superior or inferior vena cava; exits the pulmonary arteries: Deoxygenated blood from the body enters the heart through the superior or inferior vena cava and flows into the right atrium. It then passes into the right ventricle and exits through the pulmonary arteries to the lungs for oxygenation.
B. Enters the aorta; exits the pulmonary veins: The aorta and pulmonary veins both handle oxygenated blood, not deoxygenated blood, making this incorrect.
C. Enters the superior or inferior vena cava; exits the coronary arteries: The coronary arteries supply the heart muscle itself with oxygenated blood, so this is incorrect for deoxygenated blood.
D. Enters the pulmonary veins; exits the aorta: Both the pulmonary veins and the aorta are part of the oxygenated blood circuit, making this incorrect for deoxygenated blood flow.
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