What interventions can the nurse encourage the client with diabetes insipidus to implement to control thirst and compensate for urine loss?

Consume adequate amounts of fluid

Come to the clinic for IV fluid therapy daily

Limit the fluid intake at night

Weigh themselves daily

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Reasoning:

Choice A reason: Consuming adequate fluids is essential in diabetes insipidus to replace the large volumes of water lost through polyuria due to ADH deficiency. Adequate hydration prevents dehydration, maintains electrolyte balance, and alleviates excessive thirst, supporting the body’s compensatory mechanisms to manage the high urine output characteristic of this condition.

Choice B reason: Daily IV fluid therapy is not a practical or necessary intervention for diabetes insipidus. While severe dehydration may require IV fluids, oral hydration is sufficient for most patients to manage polyuria. Regular clinic visits for IV therapy are invasive, costly, and not standard for controlling thirst or fluid loss.

Choice C reason: Limiting fluid intake at night is counterproductive in diabetes insipidus, as it exacerbates dehydration caused by excessive urine output. Patients need to maintain hydration to compensate for water loss and reduce thirst. Restricting fluids could worsen symptoms and lead to complications like hypernatremia or hypovolemia.

Choice D reason: Daily weighing monitors fluid status but does not directly control thirst or compensate for urine loss in diabetes insipidus. While useful for assessing treatment response, it is a passive measure and does not address the active need to replace fluid losses through adequate oral intake to manage symptoms.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Reasoning:

Choice A reason: Addison’s disease, due to adrenal insufficiency, reduces aldosterone and cortisol production, leading to sodium loss (hyponatremia) and potassium retention (hyperkalemia). These electrolyte abnormalities result from impaired renal sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion, making sodium and potassium monitoring critical for managing complications like hypotension and arrhythmias.

Choice B reason: Calcium and phosphorus abnormalities are not primary concerns in Addison’s disease. These electrolytes are more affected by parathyroid or renal disorders. Addison’s disease primarily disrupts sodium and potassium balance due to aldosterone deficiency, with calcium and phosphorus typically remaining within normal ranges unless other conditions coexist.

Choice C reason: Sodium abnormalities occur in Addison’s disease due to aldosterone deficiency, causing hyponatremia. However, chloride levels are not significantly altered, as chloride follows sodium passively. Potassium imbalances (hyperkalemia) are more critical alongside sodium, making this combination less comprehensive than sodium and potassium monitoring.

Choice D reason: Chloride and magnesium abnormalities are not hallmark features of Addison’s disease. While mild chloride changes may occur with sodium loss, magnesium is typically unaffected. The primary electrolyte disturbances involve sodium (hyponatremia) and potassium (hyperkalemia), making these the focus of monitoring in adrenal insufficiency.

A. I have a difficult time falling asleep at night B. I have difficulty breathing when walking 30 feet C. I have an increase in my appetite D. I feel hot all of the time

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Reasoning:

Choice A reason: Difficulty falling asleep is not a specific symptom of iron deficiency anemia. While fatigue is common, it affects energy levels, not sleep onset. Insomnia may result from other causes like anxiety or neurological conditions, not the reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of iron deficiency anemia.

Choice B reason: Difficulty breathing when walking 30 feet, or exertional dyspnea, is a hallmark of iron deficiency anemia. Low hemoglobin reduces oxygen delivery to tissues, causing shortness of breath during activity as the body struggles to meet oxygen demands, making this a key subjective symptom.

Choice C reason: Increased appetite is not typical in iron deficiency anemia. Some patients experience pica, craving non-food items, but not increased food appetite. Anemia causes fatigue and weakness, not hunger, which is more associated with metabolic or endocrine disorders, not iron deficiency.

Choice D reason: Feeling hot all the time is not a symptom of iron deficiency anemia. Patients often feel cold due to reduced oxygen delivery impairing thermoregulation. Feeling hot suggests hyperthyroidism or infection, not the hypoxic or circulatory issues characteristic of iron deficiency anemia.

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What interventions can the nurse encourage the client with diabetes insipidus to implement to control thirst and compensate for urine loss?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client with Addison's disease comes to the clinic for a follow-up visit. When assessing this client, the nurse should stay alert for signs and symptoms of:

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The nurse is collecting data for a client who has been diagnosed with iron-deficiency anemia. What subjective findings does the nurse recognize as symptoms related to this type of anemia?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Which disorder is characterized by a group of symptoms produced by an excess of free circulating cortisol from the adrenal cortex?

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