Which clinical sign is associated with diabetes insipidus?

Bradycardia

Oliguria

Hypotension

Hypertension

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Reasoning:

Choice A reason: Bradycardia, or slow heart rate, is not typically associated with diabetes insipidus. The condition causes dehydration due to excessive water loss, leading to hypovolemia, which typically increases heart rate (tachycardia) to compensate for reduced blood volume, not slowing it, making bradycardia an unlikely sign.

Choice B reason: Oliguria, or low urine output, is not a feature of diabetes insipidus. The condition results from ADH deficiency, causing the kidneys to produce large volumes of dilute urine (polyuria). Oliguria is more common in conditions like acute kidney injury or dehydration from other causes.

Choice C reason: Hypotension is a clinical sign of diabetes insipidus due to significant water loss from polyuria, leading to hypovolemia. Reduced blood volume decreases blood pressure, as the cardiovascular system struggles to maintain adequate perfusion, making hypotension a common finding in severe or untreated cases.

Choice D reason: Hypertension is not typically associated with diabetes insipidus. The condition leads to dehydration and hypovolemia, which lower blood pressure. Hypertension might occur in conditions like SIADH, where water retention increases blood volume, but this is opposite to the pathophysiology of diabetes insipidus.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Reasoning:

Choice A reason: Beef liver is rich in heme iron, highly bioavailable for hemoglobin synthesis, and orange juice provides vitamin C, enhancing non-heme iron absorption. This combination maximizes iron uptake, critical for correcting iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy, where iron demands increase due to fetal growth and maternal blood volume expansion.

Choice B reason: Yogurt, almonds, and oats contain non-heme iron, but their bioavailability is lower than heme iron from meat. Calcium in yogurt may inhibit iron absorption, and while nutritious, this combination is less effective for rapidly increasing iron stores in iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy.

Choice C reason: Salmon and whole milk provide protein and calcium but are poor sources of iron. Salmon has minimal iron, and milk’s calcium can inhibit iron absorption. This combination does not effectively address the increased iron needs of pregnancy-related iron deficiency anemia, making it less suitable.

Choice D reason: Mixed vegetables and brown rice contain non-heme iron, but absorption is limited compared to heme iron sources. Without vitamin C to enhance uptake, this combination is less effective for correcting iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy, where rapid restoration of iron stores is critical.

A. Frequent urination B. An irregular apical pulse C. Dry mucous membranes D. Pitting edema of the legs

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Reasoning:

Choice A reason: Frequent urination may occur in Cushing’s syndrome due to hyperglycemia-induced osmotic diuresis, but it is not immediately life-threatening. It reflects chronic metabolic changes rather than an acute emergency, so it is less urgent than an irregular pulse, which could indicate a cardiovascular crisis.

Choice B reason: An irregular apical pulse is critical to report immediately in Cushing’s syndrome, as cortisol excess increases cardiovascular risk, including arrhythmias like atrial fibrillation. Irregular pulses may indicate acute cardiac instability, requiring urgent intervention to prevent complications like stroke or heart failure in this high-risk population.

Choice C reason: Dry mucous membranes may suggest dehydration but are not typical in Cushing’s syndrome, which causes fluid retention. Even if present, they are less urgent than an irregular pulse, as dehydration can be managed with fluids, whereas cardiac arrhythmias pose an immediate threat requiring prompt attention.

Choice D reason: Pitting edema in the legs is common in Cushing’s syndrome due to cortisol’s mineralocorticoid effects causing fluid retention. While important, it is a chronic issue manageable with diuretics and not as immediately life-threatening as an irregular pulse, which could indicate acute cardiac complications.

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Which clinical sign is associated with diabetes insipidus?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client who is in the third trimester of pregnancy has been experiencing an exacerbation of iron-deficiency anemia in recent weeks. When providing the client with nutritional guidelines and meal suggestions, what foods would be most likely to increase the client’s iron stores?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is assessing a client with Cushing's syndrome. Which observation should the nurse report to the health care provider immediately?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Which of the following assessments should the nurse perform to determine the development of peptic ulcers when caring for a client with Cushing's syndrome?

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The nurse is caring for an older adult client who has been admitted to the unit with anemia. What would the nurse expect the client to possibly exhibit?