What is a disadvantage of open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of a fracture compared to closed reduction?

priority. Protein aids long-term recovery by promoting bone healing, but infection control is critical to prevent systemic spread or bone necrosis. Nutritional support is secondary to addressing the acute bacterial infection driving the condition.

Choice B reason: Administering antibiotics is the priority in acute osteomyelitis, a bacterial bone infection (often Staphylococcus aureus). Prompt antibiotics target the infection, preventing sepsis, abscess formation, or chronic osteomyelitis. Delaying treatment risks bone destruction and systemic complications, making timely antibiotic administration essential to control the infection and preserve bone integrity.

Choice C reason: Teaching relaxation breathing reduces pain perception by calming the nervous system but does not address the underlying infection in osteomyelitis. Pain management is important but secondary to antibiotics, which target the bacterial cause. Without infection control, pain will persist, and complications like bone damage may worsen.

Choice D reason: Providing antipyretic therapy manages fever, a symptom of osteomyelitis, but does not treat the infection itself. Fever reflects the body’s immune response to bacteria, and while comfort is important, antibiotics are the priority to eradicate the pathogen, preventing progression to sepsis or chronic bone infection.

Choice A reason: Nonrestorative sleep with fatigue is a core fibromyalgia symptom, alongside widespread pain. Disrupted sleep architecture, including reduced deep sleep, exacerbates pain sensitivity and fatigue, driven by central nervous system dysregulation. Recognizing this guides management with sleep hygiene, medications like amitriptyline, and exercise to improve sleep quality and reduce fatigue.

Choice B reason: Fibromyalgia does not involve inflammation or fever, unlike rheumatoid arthritis. It’s a noninflammatory pain syndrome with central sensitization. Expecting inflammation or fever misdiagnoses fibromyalgia, potentially leading to inappropriate treatments like corticosteroids, which are ineffective, delaying proper care with antidepressants or physical therapy for pain and fatigue.

Choice C reason: Generalized muscle twitching and spasms are not typical fibromyalgia symptoms. These suggest neurological conditions like myoclonus or electrolyte imbalances. Fibromyalgia involves diffuse pain and tenderness, not spasms. Assuming twitching misguides assessment, risking incorrect interventions and overlooking fibromyalgia’s core symptoms like sleep disturbance and fatigue.

Choice D reason: Profound muscle weakness limiting ADLs is characteristic of neuromuscular diseases like myasthenia gravis, not fibromyalgia. Fibromyalgia causes pain and fatigue, not progressive weakness. Expecting weakness misdirects diagnosis, potentially leading to unnecessary neurological testing, delaying fibromyalgia management with exercise, cognitive therapy, and medications to address pain and fatigue.