What is a potential symptom of bipolar disorder?

A. Risperidone is an atypical antipsychotic used primarily to treat symptoms of schizophrenia. It helps manage symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking. It works by altering the effects of neurotransmitters in the brain, particularly dopamine and serotonin.
B. Risperidone is not typically used as a first-line treatment for anxiety disorders. While it can have some impact on mood and agitation, anxiety is usually treated with medications such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or benzodiazepines. Risperidone might be used in cases where anxiety is part of a broader psychotic disorder, but it is not the primary treatment for anxiety alone.
C. Risperidone is not commonly used to treat ADHD. ADHD is typically managed with stimulant medications like methylphenidate or amphetamines, or non-stimulant medications such as atomoxetine. Risperidone might be used off-label in some cases if ADHD symptoms are severe and co- occurring with other disorders, but it is not a standard treatment for ADHD.
D. Risperidone is not primarily used to treat depression. Depression is typically treated with antidepressants, such as SSRIs, SNRIs, or other classes of antidepressants. Risperidone might be used as an adjunct medication in cases where depression is accompanied by psychotic symptoms or severe mood disturbances, but it is not a primary treatment for depression alone.

A. Depression is characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, loss of interest or pleasure in activities, changes in sleep and appetite, and difficulties with daily functioning. However, depression alone might not fully explain the abrupt change if there were no prior context of mood swings or manic behavior.
B. Bipolar disorder is marked by extreme mood swings that include manic or hypomanic episodes and depressive episodes. The observed behaviors—active participation and high energy followed by a
sudden shift to tearfulness and withdrawal—are consistent with the mood cycling seen in bipolar disorder. The manic or hypomanic phase could explain the previous high level of activity, while the depressive phase explains the sudden refusal to engage and withdrawal.
C. Psychotic behavior involves a loss of touch with reality, including hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking. The behaviors described (active participation and then sudden withdrawal) do not specifically indicate psychosis.
D. Dysthymic disorder (now referred to as Persistent Depressive Disorder in the DSM-5) is characterized by a chronic, mild depression lasting for at least two years. It typically involves a more consistent, persistent low mood rather than the abrupt shifts seen in bipolar disorder.