What is the effect of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) on the nephron?
Stimulating thirst sensation
Increasing blood pressure
Increasing water reabsorption
Promoting sodium reabsorption
The Correct Answer is C
A. Stimulating thirst sensation: Incorrect (secondary/indirect). Thirst is primarily driven by hypothalamic osmoreceptors and angiotensin II; ADH primarily acts on kidneys to conserve water (though osmoregulation pathways are linked).
B. Increasing blood pressure: Partially true but not primary. ADH can raise blood pressure indirectly by increasing blood volume via water retention, but its primary renal effect is on water reabsorption.
C. Increasing water reabsorption: ADH (vasopressin) increases water permeability of the late distal tubule and collecting duct by inserting aquaporin channels, concentrating urine and conserving body water.
D. Promoting sodium reabsorption: Sodium reabsorption is primarily stimulated by aldosterone; ADH’s main action is water reabsorption (though water retention can secondarily affect sodium concentration).
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Chief cells: Chief (zymogenic) cells secrete pepsinogen (precursor to pepsin) and some gastric lipase -not HCl or intrinsic factor.
B. Parietal cells: Parietal cells (oxyntic cells) secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) and intrinsic factor (necessary for B12 absorption).
C. Mucous neck cells: Mucous neck cells produce mucus (and some protective secretions) to protect the stomach lining -not HCl/intrinsic factor.
D. Enteroendocrine cells: Enteroendocrine cells release hormones (e.g., gastrin, somatostatin) that regulate digestion -do not secrete HCl or intrinsic factor directly.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH):FSH directly stimulates Sertoli cells in the testes to support sperm development and the process of spermatogenesis .
B. Luteinizing Hormone (LH):LH stimulates Leydig cells to produce testosterone, which indirectly supports spermatogenesis, but LH itself is not the primary regulator of the spermatogenic process.
C. Estrogen:Estrogen is present in males in small amounts (via aromatization of androgens) and has modulatory roles, but it is not the main hormone regulating spermatogenesis.
D. Progesterone:Progesterone has little to no direct role in regulating spermatogenesis in males.
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