What is the effect of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) on the nephron?
Stimulating thirst sensation
Increasing blood pressure
Increasing water reabsorption
Promoting sodium reabsorption
The Correct Answer is C
A. Stimulating thirst sensation: Incorrect (secondary/indirect). Thirst is primarily driven by hypothalamic osmoreceptors and angiotensin II; ADH primarily acts on kidneys to conserve water (though osmoregulation pathways are linked).
B. Increasing blood pressure: Partially true but not primary. ADH can raise blood pressure indirectly by increasing blood volume via water retention, but its primary renal effect is on water reabsorption.
C. Increasing water reabsorption: ADH (vasopressin) increases water permeability of the late distal tubule and collecting duct by inserting aquaporin channels, concentrating urine and conserving body water.
D. Promoting sodium reabsorption: Sodium reabsorption is primarily stimulated by aldosterone; ADH’s main action is water reabsorption (though water retention can secondarily affect sodium concentration).
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Bulbourethral gland: Bulbourethral (Cowper’s) glands produce a clear mucous pre-ejaculate that lubricates the urethra and can neutralize small amounts of urine but do not produce the milky, nutrient-rich fluid described.
B. Skene's gland: Skene’s glands are female periurethral glands (not male) and are not involved in semen production.
C. Bartholin's gland: Bartholin’s glands are female vestibular glands producing lubrication during arousal -not involved in male semen.
D. Prostate gland: The prostate secretes a slightly alkaline, milky fluid that nourishes/protects sperm and helps neutralize the acidic vaginal environment .
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. CCK is released from the duodenum to promote liver and pancreatic secretion.:CCK (cholecystokinin) is released by duodenal/jejunal enteroendocrine cells and stimulates pancreatic enzyme secretion and gallbladder contraction -this supports digestion but describes a hormonal control mechanism rather than a structural adaptation of the small intestine itself.
B. Large surface area due to the presence of the plicae circulares, villi, and microvilli.:The small intestine’s mucosal folds (plicae circulares), finger-like villi, and microscopic microvilli (brush border) massively increase surface area for absorption.
C. Acid secretions from the stomach are neutralized in the duodenum.:The duodenum receives bicarbonate-rich pancreatic secretions and bile which neutralize gastric acid to create an optimal pH for intestinal enzymes -this is an important functional adaptation that facilitates digestion/absorption but is secondary to the structural surface-area adaptations.
D. The small intestine has haustra and rugae both help in nutrient absorption.:Haustra are sacculations of the large intestine (colon) and rugae are folds in the stomach -neither are features of the small intestine, so this statement is incorrect.
Whether you are a student looking to ace your exams or a practicing nurse seeking to enhance your expertise , our nursing education contents will empower you with the confidence and competence to make a difference in the lives of patients and become a respected leader in the healthcare field.
Visit Naxlex, invest in your future and unlock endless possibilities with our unparalleled nursing education contents today
Report Wrong Answer on the Current Question
Do you disagree with the answer? If yes, what is your expected answer? Explain.
Kindly be descriptive with the issue you are facing.