What is the mechanism of action of osmotic agents when used to decrease IOP?

Decreasing viscosity of the tears and allowing fluid to drain away from the eye

Increasing plasma osmolarity and drawing extracellular fluid into the blood

Blocking production of aqueous humor

Promoting outflow of the aqueous humor into the tear ducts

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

a) Decreasing viscosity of the tears and allowing fluid to drain away from the eye: This is incorrect. Osmotic agents do not act by affecting the viscosity of tears or enhancing drainage.
b) Increasing plasma osmolarity and drawing extracellular fluid into the blood: Osmotic agents, like mannitol, work by increasing plasma osmolarity, which draws excess fluid from the eye into the bloodstream, thereby lowering intraocular pressure.
c) Blocking production of aqueous humor: This is incorrect. Blocking production of aqueous humor is the mechanism of action of medications like beta-blockers (e.g., timolol), not osmotic agents.
d) Promoting outflow of the aqueous humor into the tear ducts: This is incorrect. Promoting outflow of aqueous humor is the mechanism of action for other medications, such as prostaglandin analogs, not osmotic agents.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

a) Beta-adrenergic agent: These medications are used to reduce intraocular pressure in glaucoma, not for pupil dilation.
b) Adrenergic agent: Adrenergic agents, such as phenylephrine, are used to dilate the pupils (mydriasis) for eye examinations.
c) Osmotics: Osmotic agents, like mannitol, are used to reduce intraocular pressure in conditions like glaucoma, but they do not dilate the pupils.
d) Corticosteroid: Corticosteroids are used to reduce inflammation in the eye but do not dilate the pupils.

A. Encourage increased fluid intake. B. Encourage frequent ambulation. C. Obtain weekly weight. D. Place the client on a low-sodium diet.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

a) Encourage increased fluid intake: In acute glomerulonephritis, fluid retention is common due to kidney dysfunction, so increasing fluid intake can exacerbate symptoms like edema and hypertension.
b) Encourage frequent ambulation: While ambulation is important for overall health, excessive activity may worsen symptoms such as fatigue or edema in clients with acute glomerulonephritis. Rest and limited activity are often recommended initially.
c) Obtain weekly weight: For a client with acute glomerulonephritis, weight monitoring should ideally be done daily. This allows for more precise tracking of fluid balance and early detection of fluid retention or weight gain, which could indicate worsening of the condition.
d) Place the client on a low-sodium diet: A low-sodium diet helps reduce fluid retention and lower blood pressure, which are important in managing acute glomerulonephritis and preventing complications such as edema or hypertension.

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What is the mechanism of action of osmotic agents when used to decrease IOP?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which type of medication would be used to dilate the pupils before an eye examination?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is assisting in the planning of care for a client who has acute glomerulonephritis. Which of the following interventions should the nurse recommend including in the plan of care?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who has a new diagnosis of primary open-angle glaucoma and a prescription for timolol ophthalmic drops. For which of the following adverse effects should the nurse monitor the client?

A nurse is evaluating discharge instructions for a client following a right cataract extraction. Which of the following client statements indicates the teaching is effective?

The nurse notes that the health care provider has documented a diagnosis of presbycusis on a client's chart. The nurse understands that which describes this condition?

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The nurse is assisting with tonometry on a patient at the ophthalmologist's office. The results indicate the patient's reading to be 17 mm Hg. The nurse interprets this result as IOP.

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The nurse was discussing open-angle glaucoma with a patient who was newly diagnosed with glaucoma. Which statement by the patient indicates more teaching is needed?