What is the mechanism of action of osmotic agents when used to decrease IOP?
Decreasing viscosity of the tears and allowing fluid to drain away from the eye
Increasing plasma osmolarity and drawing extracellular fluid into the blood
Blocking production of aqueous humor
Promoting outflow of the aqueous humor into the tear ducts
The Correct Answer is B
a) Decreasing viscosity of the tears and allowing fluid to drain away from the eye: This is incorrect. Osmotic agents do not act by affecting the viscosity of tears or enhancing drainage.
b) Increasing plasma osmolarity and drawing extracellular fluid into the blood: Osmotic agents, like mannitol, work by increasing plasma osmolarity, which draws excess fluid from the eye into the bloodstream, thereby lowering intraocular pressure.
c) Blocking production of aqueous humor: This is incorrect. Blocking production of aqueous humor is the mechanism of action of medications like beta-blockers (e.g., timolol), not osmotic agents.
d) Promoting outflow of the aqueous humor into the tear ducts: This is incorrect. Promoting outflow of aqueous humor is the mechanism of action for other medications, such as prostaglandin analogs, not osmotic agents.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
a) Bradycardia: Timolol, a beta-blocker, can cause bradycardia when absorbed systemically.
b) Hypertension: Timolol typically lowers blood pressure rather than increasing it.
c) Anemia: Timolol does not affect red blood cell production.
d) Seizures: Seizures are not associated with timolol use.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
a) Headache: While headaches can occur with eye strain or other eye conditions, they are not a hallmark symptom of open-angle glaucoma.
b) Loss of peripheral vision: Open-angle glaucoma is characterized by gradual loss of peripheral vision, often referred to as "tunnel vision," due to increased intraocular pressure affecting the optic nerve.
c) Discomfort in the eyes: Open-angle glaucoma typically has no early symptoms, and discomfort is not usually a prominent feature unless the disease progresses.
d) Halos around lights: Halos around lights are more commonly associated with acute angle-closure glaucoma, where there is a sudden rise in intraocular pressure, not open-angle glaucoma.
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