What is the most likely cause of a 12-month-old's persistent diaper rash, characterized by perianal inflammation with bright red scaly plaques, small papules, and satellite lesions?

Infrequent diaper changes

Impetigo (staph)

Candida albicans (yeast)

Urine and feces

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason: Infrequent diaper changes can contribute to diaper rash, but the presence of satellite lesions suggests a yeast infection rather than a simple irritant rash.

Choice B reason: Impetigo, caused by staphylococcal or streptococcal bacteria, typically presents with honey-colored crusts and is not usually associated with satellite lesions.

Choice C reason: The description of bright red scaly plaques and satellite lesions is characteristic of a yeast infection, specifically caused by Candida albicans.

Choice D reason: While urine and feces can irritate the skin and cause diaper rash, the specific clinical findings mentioned point more towards a yeast infection.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Acute diarrhea and dehydration are not typical of Hirschsprung disease, which is characterized by bowel obstruction.
Choice B reason: This is the correct choice. Failure to pass meconium within the first 48 hours of life and abdominal distension are classic signs of Hirschsprung disease.
Choice C reason: Projectile vomiting and altered electrolytes could be signs of other conditions but are not specific to Hirschsprung disease.
Choice D reason: Currant jelly-like gelatinous stools and pain are more indicative of intussusception rather than Hirschsprung disease. Hirschsprung disease typically presents with a failure to pass stool and abdominal distension.

A. Calcium intake should be restricted. B. The child should eat three large meals per day and limit snacks between meals. C. Potassium intake should be limited. D. Sodium intake should be increased.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Restricting calcium intake is not typically recommended for children with chronic renal failure as they may already be at risk for bone disease due to altered calcium metabolism.
Choice B reason: Eating three large meals per day and limiting snacks is not specific dietary advice for chronic renal failure; nutritional needs should be tailored to the individual.
Choice C reason: This is the correct choice. In chronic renal failure, the kidneys may not be able to remove excess potassium, leading to hyperkalemia, which can be dangerous.
Choice D reason: Increasing sodium intake is not generally recommended for chronic renal failure as it can contribute to hypertension and fluid retention.

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What is the most likely cause of a 12-month-old's persistent diaper rash, characterized by perianal inflammation with bright red scaly plaques, small papules, and satellite lesions?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A newborn is diagnosed with Hirschsprung disease. Which clinical manifestations found on assessment support this newborn’s diagnosis?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The nurse is teaching a child experiencing chronic renal failure about his diet. The nurse should discuss which of the following dietary recommendations?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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