What is the name of the defense mechanism when a client channel drives or impulses that are unacceptable into constructive activities?
Sublimation
Regression
Undoing
Suppression
The Correct Answer is A
Sublimation is a defense mechanism in which socially unacceptable impulses or drives are redirected into socially acceptable activities or behavior. For example, someone who has aggressive tendencies may channel those impulses into playing competitive sports, or someone who has sexual desires may channel those impulses into creative work like painting or writing.
Regression refers to a defense mechanism where an individual retreats to an earlier stage of development, such as acting like a child when under stress. Undoing is a defense mechanism in which an individual tries to undo or negate a previous action or thought, such as making up for a mistake by performing a good deed. Suppression is a defense mechanism where an individual consciously avoids thinking about or dealing with certain thoughts or emotions.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Benjamin Rush, who is known as the "Father of American Psychiatry," included kindness, exercise, and art therapy as methods of care for his patients. He believed that the creative process involved in art-making could be therapeutic and that it could help patients to express their emotions and thoughts. Rush also believed that the creation of art could provide a sense of accomplishment and purpose for patients, which could in turn improve their mental health.
While institutionalism, seclusion, and bloodletting were commonly used methods of treatment during Rush's time, they are not methods he specifically included in his approach to care. In fact, Rush was a vocal critic of the use of restraints and isolation in the treatment of mental illness.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
The technique described, where a client is placed in a situation that elicits high levels of anxiety or fear and is exposed to the feared stimuli in a safe and controlled environment, is known as flooding. In this case, the client with a fear of spiders is exposed to many spiders at once, which is an overwhelming and anxiety-provoking experience. However, the client is also aware that they are in a safe and controlled environment and can escape if necessary. Over time, this exposure should lead to a reduction in anxiety and fear.
Positive reinforcement involves rewarding desired behaviors to increase their likelihood of occurring in the future, while modeling involves learning by observing and imitating others' behaviors. Systematic desensitization involves gradually exposing a client to a feared stimulus while teaching relaxation techniques to reduce anxiety and fear.
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