What is the not common side effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors?
constipation
headache
nonproductive cough
chest pain
The Correct Answer is C
A) Constipation:
ACE inhibitors primarily affect the cardiovascular system by inhibiting the enzyme responsible for converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a vasoconstrictor. Common side effects of ACE inhibitors include cough, dizziness, or elevated potassium levels, but constipation is not typically associated with these medications.
B) Headache:
While headaches can occasionally occur due to changes in blood pressure or other factors related to ACE inhibitors, it is not considered a hallmark side effect. More commonly, ACE inhibitors are associated with dizziness or lightheadedness, particularly when standing up quickly, due to their blood pressure-lowering effects.
C) Nonproductive cough:
A nonproductive cough is the most common and well-known side effect of ACE inhibitors. This occurs in some patients because of the accumulation of bradykinin, a substance that is normally broken down by the enzyme ACE. The buildup of bradykinin can lead to irritation in the airways, resulting in a dry, persistent cough. This side effect can be bothersome for patients and is one of the key reasons why ACE inhibitors might be switched to angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) if the cough becomes intolerable.
D) Chest pain:
While ACE inhibitors work to lower blood pressure and improve heart function, they do not commonly cause chest pain. If a patient experiences chest pain while taking an ACE inhibitor, it is more likely related to other underlying conditions (e.g., heart disease or angina) rather than the medication itself.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Given:
Weight in pounds: 102 lbs
Conversion factor: 1 lb = 0.453592 kg
Step 1: Convert pounds to kilograms:
Weight in kg = Weight in lbs x Conversion factor (kg/lb)
Weight in kg = 102 lbs x 0.453592 kg/lb
Weight in kg = 46.266544 kg
Step 2: Round to the nearest tenth:
Weight in kg ≈ 46.3 kg
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A) RR 18 bpm:
A respiratory rate of 18 breaths per minute is within the normal range for adults (12-20 bpm). Therefore, this finding does not pose a significant concern in the context of digoxin therapy. Respiratory rate should be monitored, especially if the patient is experiencing signs of heart failure or digoxin toxicity, but 18 bpm alone is not alarming.
B) 1+ pitting edema of the lower extremities:
Pitting edema, especially with a grade of 1+ (slight indentation), is a common finding in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). It indicates fluid retention due to the heart's inability to pump blood effectively. While edema should be monitored, it is not immediately life-threatening or specific to digoxin toxicity.
C) BP 138/90 mm Hg:
A blood pressure of 138/90 mm Hg is slightly elevated, but it is not excessively high. This finding is manageable and should be monitored, particularly in heart failure patients, but it does not present an immediate concern in this case. Blood pressure management is crucial in CHF, but it does not directly correlate with digoxin toxicity.
D) Heart rate 54 beats/min:
A heart rate of 54 beats per minute is considered bradycardic, especially in a patient taking digoxin. Digoxin can lower heart rate by increasing vagal tone and inhibiting the AV node. Bradycardia is a well-known sign of digoxin toxicity, and this finding is concerning because it may indicate that the patient is experiencing toxicity. Digoxin-induced bradycardia can lead to more serious arrhythmias or hemodynamic instability, making this the most concerning finding that requires immediate assessment and possibly intervention.
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