What is the primary cause of Buerger’s disease, also known as thromboangiitis obliterans?

Atherosclerosis due to high cholesterol levels

Female predisposition

Smoking tobacco

Immune response leading to thromboembolism

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason: Atherosclerosis, driven by high cholesterol, causes arterial plaque but is distinct from Buerger’s disease, which involves inflammation and thrombosis of small vessels. While atherosclerosis may coexist, smoking is the primary cause of Buerger’s, making this an incorrect choice, as it does not directly trigger the disease’s vasculopathy.

Choice B reason: Buerger’s disease predominantly affects males, not females, and is strongly linked to tobacco use, not gender predisposition. Female predisposition is incorrect, as the disease’s inflammatory vasculopathy is driven by smoking, not sex, making this an inaccurate cause for thromboangiitis obliterans.

Choice C reason: Smoking tobacco is the primary cause of Buerger’s disease, triggering inflammatory thrombosis of small and medium vessels, leading to ischemia. Nicotine and toxins cause endothelial damage and hypercoagulability, characteristic of this condition, making this the correct cause, as cessation often halts disease progression.

Choice D reason: While Buerger’s involves an immune component, the primary cause is tobacco use, not a standalone immune response causing thromboembolism. Inflammation follows smoking-induced damage, not spontaneous thromboembolism, making this incorrect, as smoking is the initiating factor in Buerger’s disease’s pathophysiology.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Calcium deficiency causes muscle cramps or tetany, not pain relieved by rest. Intermittent claudication, pain during walking that resolves with rest, is characteristic of peripheral arterial disease, not hypocalcemia. This condition does not affect vascular flow, making it an incorrect suspicion for this symptom.

Choice B reason: Peripheral vascular problems, specifically peripheral arterial disease, cause intermittent claudication, characterized by leg pain during walking due to reduced arterial blood flow. Pain resolves with rest as oxygen demand decreases. This matches the client’s symptoms, making it the most likely condition the nurse should suspect.

Choice C reason: Acute vessel obstruction causes sudden, severe pain not relieved by rest, often with pallor or pulselessness, unlike intermittent claudication. The client’s pain relief with rest suggests chronic arterial insufficiency, making acute obstruction less likely than peripheral vascular disease as the suspected condition.

Choice D reason: Diabetes mellitus contributes to peripheral vascular disease but is not the direct cause of claudication-like pain. Pain relieved by rest points to arterial insufficiency, not solely diabetes. Peripheral vascular problems better explain the symptoms, as diabetes is a risk factor, not the primary condition.

A. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease B. Atherosclerosis C. Renal failure D. Diabetes

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease affects lungs, not arteries, and is not a primary cause of abdominal aortic aneurysm, which results from arterial wall weakening due to atherosclerosis. This is incorrect, as it does not contribute to the vascular pathology underlying aneurysm formation.

Choice B reason: Atherosclerosis is the primary underlying disease for abdominal aortic aneurysm, causing arterial wall weakening through plaque buildup, leading to dilation and risk of rupture. This matches the pathophysiology, making it the correct condition the nurse should expect in a client with this diagnosis.

Choice C reason: Renal failure is not a direct cause of abdominal aortic aneurysm, which is driven by atherosclerosis. While renal issues may coexist, they do not weaken arterial walls, making this incorrect, as atherosclerosis is the primary contributor to aneurysm development in the aorta.

Choice D reason: Diabetes contributes to atherosclerosis but is not the direct underlying cause of abdominal aortic aneurysm. Atherosclerosis itself, driven by plaque buildup, is the primary pathology, making diabetes a secondary risk factor and an incorrect choice compared to atherosclerosis.

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What is the primary cause of Buerger’s disease, also known as thromboangiitis obliterans?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse in an outpatient clinic is collecting data from a client who reports pain in the legs when walking, but the pain stops when stopping walking. Which of the following conditions should the nurse suspect?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse receives a report on a client who has been diagnosed with an abdominal aortic aneurysm. Given her knowledge of the condition, the nurse would expect the client to have which underlying disease?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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The nurse notes in the patient’s medication orders that the patient will be starting anticoagulant therapy. What is the primary goal of anticoagulant therapy?

While a patient is receiving antilipemic therapy, the nurse knows to monitor the patient closely for the development of which problem?

What are the goals of treatment for peripheral arterial disease?

A nurse is contributing to the care plan of a client who is postoperative and has an increased risk for venous thromboembolism. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the patient’s plan of care? (Select all that apply)

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