What is the primary clinical manifestation of greatest concern with a peptic ulcer?
pulmonary embolism
bleeding
bowel obstruction
hepatomegaly
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason:
Pulmonary embolism is not a typical complication of a peptic ulcer. While serious, pulmonary embolism is unrelated to the gastrointestinal tract and would not arise from ulceration of the stomach or duodenum. It is therefore not the correct answer to the question posed.
Choice B reason:
Bleeding is the primary clinical manifestation of greatest concern with a peptic ulcer. Ulcers can erode into blood vessels, leading to gastrointestinal hemorrhage, which may present as hematemesis (vomiting blood) or melena (black, tarry stools). Severe bleeding can result in hypovolemic shock and requires immediate medical intervention, such as endoscopic hemostasis, blood transfusions, or surgery. This makes bleeding the most critical concern among the options listed.
Choice C reason:
Bowel obstruction can occur as a complication of peptic ulcer disease but is less common compared to bleeding. It arises from scarring or swelling near the pylorus, leading to gastric outlet obstruction. While serious, it is not the most frequent or immediate concern in the context of peptic ulcers.
Choice D reason:
Hepatomegaly, or enlargement of the liver, is unrelated to peptic ulcer disease. This symptom is typically associated with liver conditions such as cirrhosis, hepatitis, or cancer, and does not result from ulcer pathology.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice B reason: Cirrhosis of the liver is the most likely cause of portal hypertension. Cirrhosis leads to scarring and fibrosis of the liver tissue, which obstructs blood flow through the liver and increases pressure in the portal vein, resulting in portal hypertension.
Choice A reason: Left ventricular failure is not a common cause of portal hypertension. It primarily affects the heart and can lead to pulmonary congestion and systemic edema, but not portal hypertension.
Choice C reason: Thrombosis in the spleen can contribute to portal hypertension, but it is not the most common cause. Cirrhosis of the liver is a more prevalent and significant cause of this condition.
Choice D reason: Renal stenosis affects the blood vessels supplying the kidneys and is not related to portal hypertension. It can lead to hypertension, but not specifically portal hypertension.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Decreased afterload due to vasodilation is not the primary cause of hypotension in acute myocardial infarction. While vasodilation can lower blood pressure, in the context of MI, the more direct and significant cause of hypotension is the reduced cardiac contractility leading to decreased cardiac output. Vasodilation and afterload reduction are not the primary mechanisms in this scenario.
Choice B reason:
A rapid heart rate, or tachycardia, can contribute to hypotension by reducing the time for the heart to fill with blood between beats. However, in the context of an acute myocardial infarction, the primary issue is the heart's ability to contract effectively. Therefore, while a rapid heart rate might exacerbate the condition, it is not the main cause of hypotension.
Choice C reason:
Decreased cardiac contractility, resulting in decreased cardiac output, is the primary cause of hypotension in acute myocardial infarction. The damaged heart muscle cannot pump effectively, leading to reduced blood flow and low blood pressure. This is a direct consequence of the myocardial damage caused by the infarction, making this the correct answer.
Choice D reason:
Increased capillary permeability is not a primary cause of hypotension in acute myocardial infarction. This condition is more associated with inflammatory responses, sepsis, or allergic reactions. The main cause of hypotension in MI is related to the heart's reduced pumping ability.
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