What is the primary pathophysiological reason for performing Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery?

To reduce overall contractility of the heart muscle.

To reduce plaque buildup in the carotid artery.

To increase oxygen supply to the heart muscle.

To increase the myocardial workload.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A rationale
Reducing the overall contractility of the heart muscle is not the primary reason for performing Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery (CABG)4. In fact, reducing the contractility of the heart muscle could potentially decrease the heart’s ability to pump blood effectively.
Choice B rationale
Reducing plaque buildup in the carotid artery is not the primary reason for performing CABG4. While plaque buildup in the carotid artery can lead to serious conditions such as stroke, CABG is specifically performed to bypass blocked coronary arteries, not carotid arteries.
Choice C rationale
Increasing the oxygen supply to the heart muscle is the primary reason for performing CABG4. When coronary arteries become blocked or narrowed due to plaque buildup, the heart muscle may not receive enough oxygen-rich blood. CABG is performed to create a new route, or bypass, around the blocked artery, which improves blood flow and oxygen supply to the heart muscle.
Choice D rationale
Increasing the myocardial workload is not the primary reason for performing CABG4. In fact, increasing the workload of the heart could potentially exacerbate heart disease and lead to complications such as heart failure.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale
Adenosine (Adenocard) is a medication that can be used to treat supraventricular tachycardia, a type of abnormal heart rhythm. However, it is not typically used for atrial fibrillation.
Choice B rationale
Emergency cardioversion, where an electric shock is used to restore the heart’s normal rhythm, can be used in some cases of atrial fibrillation. However, if the atrial fibrillation has been present for more than 48 hours, there is a risk of blood clots, and anticoagulation for several weeks before the procedure may be needed.
Choice C rationale
Anticoagulant therapy is often used in patients with atrial fibrillation to reduce the risk of stroke. Atrial fibrillation can lead to blood pooling in the atria, increasing the risk of clot formation. These clots can then travel to the brain, causing a stroke.
Choice D rationale
Permanent pacemakers are sometimes used in atrial fibrillation to help regulate the heart’s rhythm. However, they are typically used when other treatments have failed or are contraindicated.

A. Ulceration on the medial surface of the lower legs. B. Brownish skin discoloration on the lower legs. C. Edema in the lower legs. D. Purple rash on the medial surface of the lower legs.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A rationale
Ulceration on the medial surface of the lower legs is not the best description of stasis dermatitis in a patient with peripheral vascular disease (PVD). While ulcers can occur in severe cases, they are not the primary characteristic of stasis dermatitis.
Choice B rationale
Stasis dermatitis, also known as venous stasis dermatitis, is a skin inflammation that occurs in people with poor circulation. It most often happens in the lower legs because that’s where blood typically collects. When blood pools in the veins of the lower leg, it can cause a variety of symptoms, including a brownish skin discoloration on the lower legs. This discoloration is caused by the leakage of red blood cells into the skin due to increased pressure in the veins.
Choice C rationale
While edema in the lower legs can be a symptom of PVD and may accompany stasis dermatitis, it is not the best description of the condition. Edema is a general symptom that can occur in many conditions and is not specific to stasis dermatitis.
Choice D rationale
A purple rash on the medial surface of the lower legs is not a typical symptom of stasis dermatitis. While the skin may become discolored, it is usually a brownish color rather than purple.

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What is the primary pathophysiological reason for performing Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A patient with dilated cardiomyopathy has recently developed atrial fibrillation that has been unresponsive to drug therapy for several days. What topic should the nurse plan to include in patient teaching?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

How would a nurse best describe the assessment of stasis dermatitis in a patient with peripheral vascular disease (PVD)?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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