What is the primary role of memory cells in the immune system?
Engulfing pathogens and foreign invaders
Initiating the inflammatory response
Producing antibodies in response to infection
Providing long-term immunity to previously encountered pathogens
The Correct Answer is D
Explanation: Memory cells are a type of immune cell that are formed during the body's initial encounter with a pathogen. They "remember" the specific antigen of the pathogen and allow the immune system to respond more rapidly and effectively if the same pathogen is encountered again in the future. Memory cells are responsible for providing long-term immunity.
Incorrect choices:
a. Engulfing pathogens and foreign invaders is the role of phagocytes, such as macrophages and neutrophils.
b. Initiating the inflammatory response is carried out by various immune cells, including mast cells and basophils, as part of the innate immune response.
c. Producing antibodies in response to infection is the primary role of B cells in the immune system.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Explanation: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder that can affect multiple organs and systems, including the skin, joints, kidneys, and nervous system. The presence of a "butterfly rash" on the face, joint pain, and skin lesions are common manifestations of SLE.
Incorrect choices:
b. Fibromyalgia is a chronic pain disorder characterized by widespread pain, fatigue, and tender points in specific areas of the body, but it does not typically present with a "butterfly rash" or skin lesions.
c. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disorder that affects the central nervous system, causing symptoms such as fatigue, muscle weakness, and coordination problems, but it does not typically present with a "butterfly rash" or joint pain.
d. Sjögren's syndrome is an autoimmune disorder that primarily affects the salivary and lacrimal glands, leading to dry eyes and dry mouth, but it does not typically present with a "butterfly rash" or skin lesions.
VII. Vaccination and Immunization:
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Explanation: B cells are a type of lymphocyte that plays a crucial role in the immune response by recognizing and binding to specific antigens. When a B cell encounters an antigen that matches its specific receptor, it becomes activated and differentiates into plasma cells, which produce antibodies against the antigen.
Incorrect choices:
b. Cytotoxic T cells are responsible for directly attacking and killing infected or abnormal cells during cell-mediated immunity. They do not primarily recognize antigens during the immune response.
c. Macrophages are antigen-presenting cells that engulf and process pathogens to present their antigens to other immune cells, such as T cells and B cells. While they are involved in antigen recognition, they are not the primary cells responsible for this function.
d. Red blood cells do not have a direct role in antigen recognition or the immune response. Their primary function is to transport oxygen throughout the body.
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