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What is the primary role of memory cells in the immune system?

A.

Engulfing pathogens and foreign invaders

B.

Initiating the inflammatory response

C.

Producing antibodies in response to infection

D.

Providing long-term immunity to previously encountered pathogens

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Explanation: Memory cells are a type of immune cell that are formed during the body's initial encounter with a pathogen. They "remember" the specific antigen of the pathogen and allow the immune system to respond more rapidly and effectively if the same pathogen is encountered again in the future. Memory cells are responsible for providing long-term immunity.

Incorrect choices:

a. Engulfing pathogens and foreign invaders is the role of phagocytes, such as macrophages and neutrophils.

b. Initiating the inflammatory response is carried out by various immune cells, including mast cells and basophils, as part of the innate immune response.

c. Producing antibodies in response to infection is the primary role of B cells in the immune system.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Explanation: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder that can affect multiple organs and systems, including the skin, joints, kidneys, and nervous system. The presence of a "butterfly rash" on the face, joint pain, and skin lesions are common manifestations of SLE.

Incorrect choices:

b. Fibromyalgia is a chronic pain disorder characterized by widespread pain, fatigue, and tender points in specific areas of the body, but it does not typically present with a "butterfly rash" or skin lesions.

c. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disorder that affects the central nervous system, causing symptoms such as fatigue, muscle weakness, and coordination problems, but it does not typically present with a "butterfly rash" or joint pain.

d. Sjögren's syndrome is an autoimmune disorder that primarily affects the salivary and lacrimal glands, leading to dry eyes and dry mouth, but it does not typically present with a "butterfly rash" or skin lesions.

VII. Vaccination and Immunization:

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Explanation: Active immunity is acquired when the body's immune system is exposed to a specific pathogen or antigen, either through vaccination or natural infection. In response, the immune system produces its antibodies to protect against future encounters with the same pathogen.

Incorrect choices:

a. Innate immunity is the first line of defense against infections and is present at birth. It includes physical barriers, such as the skin and mucous membranes, and non-specific immune responses that do not require prior exposure to a specific pathogen.

c. Passive immunity is the transfer of pre-formed antibodies from one individual to another, providing immediate, temporary protection. This can occur naturally, such as the transfer of antibodies from a mother to her baby during breastfeeding, or through the administration of pre-formed antibodies, as in certain medical treatments.

d. Natural immunity refers to the immunity that is acquired through natural exposure to a pathogen and the subsequent development of an immune response. This includes both active immunity from natural infection and passive immunity from maternal antibodies passed to the baby during childbirth or breastfeeding.

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