What should the nurse tell a pregnant woman at 10 weeks of gestation who jogs 3 or 4 times per week and is concerned about the effect of exercise on the fetus?

Choice A reason: Progesterone is the hormone that stimulates the development of the alveoli and lobules of the mammary glands during pregnancy. It prepares the breasts for lactation by increasing the number and size of the milk-producing cells.

Choice B reason: Testosterone is the main male sex hormone that is responsible for the development of male reproductive organs and secondary sex characteristics. It has no direct role in the maturation of mammary gland tissue.

Choice C reason: Prolactin is the hormone that initiates and maintains milk production after childbirth. It is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland in response to suckling or nipple stimulation. It does not affect the maturation of mammary gland tissue.

Choice D reason: Estrogen is the hormone that stimulates the growth of the duct system of the mammary glands during puberty and pregnancy. It also promotes the development of female reproductive organs and secondary sex characteristics. It does not affect the maturation of mammary gland tissue.

Choice A reason: Women without pain and who do not want to become pregnant need no treatment, as endometriosis is a benign condition that does not affect the general health or well-being of the woman. The nurse should explain to the client that endometriosis is a chronic condition that causes the growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus, and that it can cause symptoms such as pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, and infertility. However, if the woman is asymptomatic and has no desire for pregnancy, she can choose to monitor the condition without any intervention.

Choice B reason: Surgical intervention often is needed for severe or acute symptoms, as endometriosis can cause complications such as adhesions, cysts, inflammation, or obstruction of the pelvic organs. The nurse should inform the client that surgery can be performed to remove or destroy the endometrial implants, or to perform a hysterectomy or oophorectomy in severe cases. The nurse should also discuss the benefits and risks of surgery, and the possibility of recurrence or persistence of symptoms.

Choice C reason: Side effects from the steroid danazol include masculinizing traits, as danazol is a synthetic androgen that suppresses the ovarian function and reduces the production of estrogen and progesterone. The nurse should warn the client that danazol can cause adverse effects such as acne, hirsutism, weight gain, voice changes, decreased breast size, and menstrual irregularities. The nurse should also advise the client to use a non-hormonal contraceptive method while taking danazol, as it can harm the fetus if pregnancy occurs.

Choice D reason: Bone loss from hypoestrogenism is not irreversible, as it can be prevented or treated with calcium and vitamin D supplements, bisphosphonates, or hormone replacement therapy. The nurse should educate the client that hypoestrogenism is a condition where the estrogen levels are abnormally low, and that it can occur as a result of some medications or surgical procedures for endometriosis. The nurse should also explain that hypoestrogenism can increase the risk of osteoporosis, which is a condition where the bones become weak and brittle.

Choice E reason: Women with mild pain who may want a future pregnancy may take nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), as NSAIDs can reduce the inflammation and pain caused by endometriosis. The nurse should recommend the client to take NSAIDs as needed, and to follow the dosage and instructions on the label. The nurse should also inform the client that NSAIDs are not effective in treating the underlying cause of endometriosis, and that they may have side effects such as gastrointestinal irritation, bleeding, or ulcers.