The most common cause of decreased variability in the fetal heart rate (FHR) that lasts 30 minutes or less is:
fetal sleep cycles.
umbilical cord compression.
altered cerebral blood flow.
fetal hypoxemia.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: Fetal sleep cycles are a normal physiological cause of decreased variability in the FHR, which is the fluctuation of the baseline FHR above and below 2 cycles per minute. Fetal sleep cycles usually last 20 to 40 minutes and do not affect the fetal well-being.
Choice B reason: Umbilical cord compression is an abnormal cause of decreased variability in the FHR, as it reduces the blood flow and oxygen delivery to the fetus. It can also cause variable decelerations, which are abrupt decreases in the FHR below the baseline.
Choice C reason: Altered cerebral blood flow is an abnormal cause of decreased variability in the FHR, as it indicates a compromise in the fetal central nervous system. It can also cause late decelerations, which are gradual decreases in the FHR after the peak of a contraction.
Choice D reason: Fetal hypoxemia is an abnormal cause of decreased variability in the FHR, as it reflects a severe lack of oxygen in the fetal blood. It can also cause sinusoidal pattern, which is a smooth, undulating waveform in the FHR.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Vascular volume increases during pregnancy to meet the increased oxygen and nutrient demands of the fetus, not to compensate for decreased renal plasma flow. In fact, renal plasma flow increases by 50% to 80% during pregnancy to facilitate the excretion of metabolic wastes.
Choice B reason: Vascular volume increases during pregnancy to ensure adequate blood supply to the uterus and other organs, not to prevent maternal and fetal dehydration. Dehydration can occur due to vomiting, diarrhea, or inadequate fluid intake, and it can be prevented by drinking enough fluids and replacing electrolytes.
Choice C reason: Vascular volume increases during pregnancy to provide adequate perfusion of the placenta, which is the main organ of gas exchange and nutrient delivery for the fetus. The placenta receives about 10% of the maternal cardiac output at term.
Choice D reason: Vascular volume increases during pregnancy to support the growth and development of the fetus and the maternal tissues, not to eliminate metabolic wastes of the mother. Metabolic wastes are eliminated by the kidneys, lungs, skin, and gastrointestinal tract.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Woman shorter than 62 inches or 157 cm should not restrict her weight gain during pregnancy, as she may have a higher risk of delivering a low birth weight infant. She should follow the recommended weight gain guidelines based on her pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI).
Choice B reason: Woman in early adolescence should not restrict her weight gain during pregnancy, as she is still growing and developing herself. She may need more calories and nutrients than an adult woman to support her own health and the fetal growth.
Choice C reason: Woman who was 30 lbs overweight before pregnancy should restrict her weight gain during pregnancy, as she may have a higher risk of developing gestational diabetes, hypertension, or preeclampsia. She should aim for a lower weight gain range than a woman with a normal BMI.
Choice D reason: Woman pregnant with twins should not restrict her weight gain during pregnancy, as she needs more energy and nutrients to support the growth of two fetuses. She should aim for a higher weight gain range than a woman with a singleton pregnancy.
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