When a patient is diagnosed with glomerulonephritis, glomerular permeability increases, allowing what substance to leak into urine?

potassium

sodium

proteins

water

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Potassium: Potassium levels may rise in kidney dysfunction but are not directly related to increased glomerular permeability.

B. Sodium: Sodium imbalance occurs in kidney dysfunction but is not a direct result of glomerular permeability.

C. Proteins: Increased permeability in glomerulonephritis allows proteins to leak into the urine, resulting in proteinuria.

D. Water: Water imbalance can occur, but it is not related to glomerular permeability.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Metronidazole (Flagyl): Metronidazole is used for anaerobic infections and protozoal infections but is not a first-line treatment for urinary tract infections (UTIs).

B. Meperidine (Demerol): This is an analgesic, not an antimicrobial agent; it addresses pain but not the infection.

C. Bethanechol chloride (Urecholine): This is used to manage urinary retention, not infection.

D. Ciprofloxacin (Cipro): Ciprofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, is commonly prescribed for UTIs, especially when blood results indicate infection (elevated WBC count).

A. It gives more independence and more closely resembles normal kidney function. B. It has literally no drawbacks. C. It usually does not work very well and has many complications, such as a high blood sugar level. D. It is a lot more work than hemodialysis, in which the health care staff takes care of everything.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. It gives more independence and more closely resembles normal kidney function: Peritoneal dialysis allows patients to manage treatment at home, providing more flexibility and independence, and it mimics the kidney's natural filtration process.

B. It has literally no drawbacks: While peritoneal dialysis has benefits, potential complications include peritonitis, catheter infections, and hyperglycemia from the dialysis solution.

C. It usually does not work very well and has many complications, such as a high blood sugar level: While hyperglycemia can occur, this exaggerates the risks and misrepresents the effectiveness of peritoneal dialysis.

D. It is a lot more work than hemodialysis, in which the health care staff takes care of everything: While it requires self-management, the workload depends on individual circumstances and training.

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When a patient is diagnosed with glomerulonephritis, glomerular permeability increases, allowing what substance to leak into urine?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A 42-year-old woman is admitted with complaints of dysuria, frequency, and lower back pain. The urinalysis report is positive for red blood cells, and the blood work shows an elevated white blood cell count. Which medication will the nurse anticipate that the healthcare provider will order?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Which urine test provides the most accurate measurement of renal function?

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