When assessing an outbreak of mumps among school-age children, which of the following is the host according to the epidemiological triangle?

Secondary prevention aims to reduce the impact of a disease or injury that has already occurred. This is done by detecting and treating disease or injury as soon as possible to halt or slow its progress, encouraging personal strategies to prevent reinjury or recurrence, and implementing programs to return people to their original health and function to prevent long-term problems1. Referring a client who is recovering from a substance use disorder to a social service program is an example of secondary prevention because it encourages personal strategies to prevent recurrence.

Choice A is not the correct answer because providing a smoking cessation class is an example of primary prevention, which aims to prevent disease or injury before it ever occurs1.

Choice C is not the correct answer because advocating for laws that prohibit texting while driving is also an example of primary prevention1.

Choice D is not the correct answer because encouraging a pregnant client to participate in prenatal care is an example of primary prevention1.

• A. Use of educational materials in written and video format. This is generally a positive approach, as it caters to different learning styles. Therefore, it's not a barrier.
• B. Reliance on written notes during the teaching session. While notes can be helpful, excessive reliance on them might indicate a lack of confidence or familiarity with the material. This could hinder effective communication and engagement with the family, thus, it is a barrier.
• C. Use of humor to deal with disruptive behavior. Using humor inappropriately, especially in a sensitive situation like teaching about HIV infection control, can be perceived as unprofessional and disrespectful. It can also minimize the seriousness of the topic and create a barrier to learning.
• D. Previous experience teaching, i.e. a teens' course. While experience is generally beneficial, it could be a barrier if the nurse assumes the family's learning needs are the same as teenagers. Furthermore, if the nurse does not adapt their teaching style, and materials to the new audience, it will be a barrier.