When caring for the patient with left sided heart failure, which of the following are subjective symptoms?

Patient verbalizes frequent fatigue.

Elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure.

Orthopnea.

Cyanosis.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A rationale
Fatigue is a subjective symptom because it is experienced and reported by the patient. Patients with left-sided heart failure often experience fatigue due to the heart’s inability to pump sufficient blood to meet the body’s needs.
Choice B rationale
Elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure is an objective symptom that can be measured and observed by healthcare professionals. It is not something that a patient can directly experience or report.
Choice C rationale
Orthopnea, or difficulty breathing when lying flat, is a subjective symptom as it is based on the patient’s personal experience. However, it is not the best answer in this case because the question asks for the “subjective symptoms,” and fatigue is a more common subjective symptom of left-sided heart failure.
Choice D rationale
Cyanosis, or bluish discoloration of the skin due to poor circulation or inadequate oxygenation of the blood, is an objective symptom that can be observed by healthcare professionals. It is not something that a patient can directly experience or report.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale
This choice provides information about the patient’s condition, which corresponds to the “Situation” in SBAR123.
Choice B rationale
This choice provides background information about the patient’s medical history, which corresponds to the “Background” in SBAR123.
Choice C rationale
This choice is asking for an order for additional pain medication, which corresponds to the “Recommendation” in SBAR123. In the SBAR communication model, the “Recommendation” is where the nurse would suggest a course of action or ask for an order.
Choice D rationale
This choice provides an assessment of the patient’s pain level, which corresponds to the “Assessment” in SBAR123. In the SBAR model, the “Assessment” is where the nurse would share their analysis or what they think about the situation.

A. Unfreezing B. Moving C. Action D. Refreezing .

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale
Unfreezing is the first stage of Lewin’s Change Theory. It involves overcoming resistance to change and preparing for the upcoming change. In this case, the patient expressing interest in quitting smoking and asking about smoking cessation aids indicates that they are in the unfreezing stage.
Choice B rationale
Moving is the second stage of Lewin’s Change Theory. It involves taking the necessary steps towards change.
Choice C rationale
The term “Action” is not recognized as a stage in Lewin’s Change Theory.
Choice D rationale
Refreezing is the final stage of Lewin’s Change Theory. It involves establishing the change as a new habit, so it becomes the "norm"4.

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When caring for the patient with left sided heart failure, which of the following are subjective symptoms?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

In the context of SBAR Communication, which part of the following message corresponds to the “A” in SBAR?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a patient who is a long-term smoker and is in the early stages of COPD. The patient expresses interest in quitting smoking and has been asking about smoking cessation aids. The nurse interprets this as which stage of Lewin’s Change Theory?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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