When caring for the patient with left sided heart failure, which of the following are subjective symptoms?

Patient verbalizes frequent fatigue.

Elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure.

Orthopnea.

Cyanosis.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A rationale
Fatigue is a subjective symptom because it is experienced and reported by the patient. Patients with left-sided heart failure often experience fatigue due to the heart’s inability to pump sufficient blood to meet the body’s needs.
Choice B rationale
Elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure is an objective symptom that can be measured and observed by healthcare professionals. It is not something that a patient can directly experience or report.
Choice C rationale
Orthopnea, or difficulty breathing when lying flat, is a subjective symptom as it is based on the patient’s personal experience. However, it is not the best answer in this case because the question asks for the “subjective symptoms,” and fatigue is a more common subjective symptom of left-sided heart failure.
Choice D rationale
Cyanosis, or bluish discoloration of the skin due to poor circulation or inadequate oxygenation of the blood, is an objective symptom that can be observed by healthcare professionals. It is not something that a patient can directly experience or report.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale
Delegation refers to the process of assigning responsibility or authority to another person to carry out specific activities. It is not the process of developing a shared governance structure within nursing.
Choice B rationale
Distribution refers to the process of making a product or service available for the consumer or business user who needs it. It is not the process of developing a shared governance structure within nursing.
Choice C rationale
Decentralization is the process of distributing or dispersing functions, powers, people or things away from a central location or authority. In the context of nursing, it refers to the process of developing a shared governance structure within nursing.
Choice D rationale
Dissemination refers to the act of spreading something, especially information, widely. It is not the process of developing a shared governance structure within nursing.

A. “An infection’s resolution can reverse delirium.”. B. “Delirium and dementia cannot coexist.”. C. “Sleep deprivation can lead to delirium.”. D. “Frequent reality orientation should be used with delirium.”.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A rationale
An infection’s resolution can indeed reverse delirium. Delirium is often caused by a physical or mental illness, such as an infection.
Choice B rationale
The statement “Delirium and dementia cannot coexist” is incorrect and indicates a need for further education. Delirium and dementia can coexist.
Choice C rationale
Sleep deprivation can lead to delirium. This is a correct statement and does not indicate a need for further education.
Choice D rationale
Frequent reality orientation should be used with delirium. This is a correct statement and does not indicate a need for further education.

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When caring for the patient with left sided heart failure, which of the following are subjective symptoms?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Administration in a facility is charged with developing a shared governance structure within nursing to develop/revise policies/procedure, and to weigh in on decisions that ultimately support the success of the facility. What is this process called?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The nurse is providing education to the staff about delirium. Which statement made by a staff member indicates a need for further education?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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