Which adverse effect of an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) will the nurse expect to assess in a hypertensive patient?

Insomnia

Bradycardia

Chest pain

Hyperkalemia

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A reason: This is not an adverse effect of ACE inhibitors. Insomnia is a common side effect of stimulant medications, such as caffeine or amphetamine, which increase the activity of the central nervous system and cause difficulty falling or staying asleep.

Choice B reason: This is not an adverse effect of ACE inhibitors. Bradycardia is a slow heart rate, usually below 60 beats per minute. ACE inhibitors do not cause bradycardia, but rather lower the blood pressure by blocking the formation of angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor.

Choice C reason: This is not an adverse effect of ACE inhibitors. Chest pain is a sign of angina or myocardial infarction, which are caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle. ACE inhibitors can actually prevent or treat these conditions by improving the blood flow and reducing the workload of the heart.

Choice D reason: This is an adverse effect of ACE inhibitors. Hyperkalemia is a high level of potassium in the blood, which can cause cardiac arrhythmias and muscle weakness. ACE inhibitors can cause hyperkalemia by reducing the secretion of aldosterone, a hormone that regulates the sodium and potassium balance in the body.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Hereditary decrease in IgE responsiveness is not related to airway hyper-responsiveness in extrinsic asthma. IgE is an antibody that binds to allergens and triggers the release of histamine and other inflammatory mediators from mast cells. A decrease in IgE responsiveness would reduce the allergic reaction, not increase it.

Choice B reason: Increased sympathetic nervous system response is not related to airway hyper-responsiveness in extrinsic asthma. The sympathetic nervous system is the part of the autonomic nervous system that prepares the body for fight or flight. It stimulates the bronchodilation, or the widening of the airways, by activating the beta2 receptors on the smooth muscle cells. This would improve the airflow, not obstruct it.

Choice C reason: The release of stress hormones is not related to airway hyper-responsiveness in extrinsic asthma. Stress hormones, such as cortisol and adrenaline, are secreted by the adrenal glands in response to stress. They have anti-inflammatory and bronchodilator effects, which would reduce the symptoms of asthma, not worsen them.

Choice D reason: Exposure to an allergen causing mast cell degranulation is related to airway hyper-responsiveness in extrinsic asthma. Mast cell degranulation is the process of releasing histamine and other inflammatory mediators from the granules inside the mast cells. These substances cause bronchoconstriction, or the narrowing of the airways, by stimulating the smooth muscle contraction and mucus secretion. This leads to the symptoms of asthma, such as wheezing, coughing, and dyspnea.

A. oliguria. B. increased heart rate. C. wet cough. D. confusion. E. jugular venous distention.

Correct Answer is ["B","C"]

Explanation

Choice A reason: Oliguria is not a forward effect of left ventricular heart failure. It is a backward effect that occurs due to reduced renal perfusion and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.

Choice B reason: Increased heart rate is a forward effect of left ventricular heart failure. It is a compensatory mechanism that occurs due to reduced cardiac output and sympathetic stimulation.

Choice C reason: Wet cough is a forward effect of left ventricular heart failure. It is a sign of pulmonary congestion and edema that result from increased pressure in the pulmonary veins and capillaries.

Choice D reason: Confusion is not a forward effect of left ventricular heart failure. It is a backward effect that occurs due to reduced cerebral perfusion and hypoxia.

Choice E reason: Jugular venous distention is not a forward effect of left ventricular heart failure. It is a backward effect that occurs due to increased pressure in the right atrium and vena cava.

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Which adverse effect of an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) will the nurse expect to assess in a hypertensive patient?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is preparing to teach the staff about asthma. Which information should the nurse include? Airway hyper-responsiveness in extrinsic asthma is related to:

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

The forward effects in a patient with left ventricular heart failure include (Select all that apply)

Correct Answer is ["B","C"]

Explanation

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Which of the following would result in an increase in blood pressure?

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Which adverse effect of an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) will the nurse expect to assess in a hypertensive patient?

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Which agent is preferred for the initial treatment of heart failure?

The nurse is providing instruction to a patient who was recently prescribed an ACE inhibitor for hypertension. Which is an adverse effect of this medication?