Which assessment findings are consistent with cirrhosis? Select all that apply.
Jaundice
Spider angiomas
Lethargic
Apical pulse regular with S1, S2
Abdomen moderately distended
Dark amber urine
Peripheral pulses are palpable
3+ pitting edema
Correct Answer : A,B,E,F,H
Choice A reason: Jaundice is a common finding in cirrhosis due to impaired liver function, which leads to the accumulation of bilirubin in the blood. This causes the skin and the whites of the eyes to turn yellow.
Choice B reason: Spider angiomas are dilated blood vessels that appear on the skin and are often seen in patients with cirrhosis. They are caused by increased estrogen levels due to impaired liver function.
Choice C reason: Lethargy is a symptom of cirrhosis as the liver's ability to detoxify the blood is compromised, leading to fatigue and weakness.
Choice D reason: An apical pulse regular with S1, S2 is not specifically associated with cirrhosis. While it may be a normal finding, it does not indicate the presence of cirrhosis.
Choice E reason: Abdomen moderately distended is consistent with cirrhosis due to the accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity (ascites), which is a common complication of advanced liver disease.
Choice F reason: Dark amber urine is a sign of cirrhosis as the liver's ability to process bilirubin is impaired, leading to the excretion of conjugated bilirubin in the urine, which gives it a dark color.
Choice G reason: Peripheral pulses are palpable is not specifically associated with cirrhosis. While it may be a normal finding, it does not indicate the presence of cirrhosis.
Choice H reason: 3+ pitting edema is consistent with cirrhosis due to the retention of sodium and water, leading to swelling in the lower extremities.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Aggressive physical therapy is not a treatment for Addison's disease. While physical therapy can be beneficial for certain conditions, it does not address the hormonal deficiencies that are characteristic of Addison's disease.
Choice B reason: Lifelong hormone therapy with glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids is the standard treatment for Addison's disease. This involves taking medications to replace the hormones that the adrenal glands are not producing enough of, specifically glucocorticoids (such as hydrocortisone, prednisone, or dexamethasone) and mineralocorticoids (such as fludrocortisone). These medications help to maintain normal hormone levels in the body, manage symptoms, and prevent adrenal crises.
Choice C reason: Diuretics are not typically used as a primary treatment for Addison's disease. They are used to manage fluid balance and blood pressure in other conditions, but they do not replace the deficient hormones in Addison's disease.
Choice D reason: Lifelong insulin treatment is used for managing diabetes mellitus, not Addison's disease. Addison's disease involves adrenal hormone deficiencies, which are treated with hormone replacement therapy, not insulin.
Correct Answer is ["A","B"]
Explanation
Choice A reason: Bleeding is a high-risk complication for patients with pancytopenia because of the low platelet count. Platelets are crucial for blood clotting, and their deficiency leads to an increased risk of spontaneous bleeding and difficulty in stopping bleeding once it starts. This can result in significant blood loss and complications if not managed promptly.
Choice B reason: Infection is another high-risk complication for patients with pancytopenia due to the low white blood cell count. White blood cells are essential for fighting infections, and their deficiency makes patients more susceptible to bacterial, viral, and fungal infections. These infections can be severe and difficult to control, leading to further complications and increased morbidity.
Choice C reason: Seizures are not typically associated with pancytopenia. Seizures are more commonly linked to neurological conditions, electrolyte imbalances, or other underlying medical issues rather than low blood cell counts.
Choice D reason: Neurogenic shock is not a common complication of pancytopenia. Neurogenic shock occurs due to a disruption in the autonomic nervous system, often resulting from spinal cord injuries or severe central nervous system damage, rather than low blood cell counts.
Choice E reason: Pulmonary edema is not directly related to pancytopenia. Pulmonary edema involves fluid accumulation in the lungs, often due to heart failure, kidney disease, or other causes, rather than low blood cell counts.
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