Which assessment findings should the nurse note in a school-age child with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)? (Select all that apply)
Waddling gait
Kyphosis
Lordosis
Scoliosis
Gower sign
Correct Answer : A,B,C,D,E
The correct answer is
A. Waddling gait
B. Kyphosis
C. Lordosis
D. Scoliosis
E. Gower sign
Choice A reason
Waddling gait: Children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) often exhibit a waddling gait due to progressive muscle weakness, particularly in the pelvic girdle muscles. This gait pattern is a compensatory mechanism to maintain balance and mobility despite weakened muscles. The waddling gait is one of the early signs of DMD and typically becomes noticeable between the ages of 2 and 6 years.
Choice B Reason
Kyphosis: Kyphosis, an excessive outward curvature of the spine, can develop in children with DMD as the disease progresses. Muscle weakness and imbalance, particularly in the back muscles, contribute to this spinal deformity. Kyphosis can lead to discomfort, respiratory issues, and further mobility challenges, necessitating close monitoring and intervention.
Choice C Reason
Lordosis: Lordosis, an exaggerated inward curvature of the lower spine, is another common finding in children with DMD. This condition often develops as a compensatory mechanism to maintain an upright posture despite weakened hip and thigh muscles. Lordosis can cause lower back pain and impact overall posture and gait.
Choice D Reason
Scoliosis: Scoliosis, a lateral curvature of the spine, frequently occurs in children with DMD due to progressive muscle weakness and imbalance. As the disease advances, scoliosis can become more pronounced, leading to discomfort, respiratory complications, and further functional limitations. Early detection and management are crucial to mitigate these effects.
Choice E Reason
Gower sign: The Gower sign is a classic clinical indicator of DMD. It refers to the maneuver children with DMD use to rise from the floor, involving the use of their hands to “walk” up their legs due to proximal muscle weakness. This sign is typically observed in early childhood and is a key diagnostic feature of DMD1.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D","E"]
Explanation
The correct answer is
A. Waddling gait
B. Kyphosis
C. Lordosis
D. Scoliosis
E. Gower sign
Choice A reason
Waddling gait: Children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) often exhibit a waddling gait due to progressive muscle weakness, particularly in the pelvic girdle muscles. This gait pattern is a compensatory mechanism to maintain balance and mobility despite weakened muscles. The waddling gait is one of the early signs of DMD and typically becomes noticeable between the ages of 2 and 6 years.
Choice B Reason
Kyphosis: Kyphosis, an excessive outward curvature of the spine, can develop in children with DMD as the disease progresses. Muscle weakness and imbalance, particularly in the back muscles, contribute to this spinal deformity. Kyphosis can lead to discomfort, respiratory issues, and further mobility challenges, necessitating close monitoring and intervention.
Choice C Reason
Lordosis: Lordosis, an exaggerated inward curvature of the lower spine, is another common finding in children with DMD. This condition often develops as a compensatory mechanism to maintain an upright posture despite weakened hip and thigh muscles. Lordosis can cause lower back pain and impact overall posture and gait.
Choice D Reason
Scoliosis: Scoliosis, a lateral curvature of the spine, frequently occurs in children with DMD due to progressive muscle weakness and imbalance. As the disease advances, scoliosis can become more pronounced, leading to discomfort, respiratory complications, and further functional limitations. Early detection and management are crucial to mitigate these effects.
Choice E Reason
Gower sign: The Gower sign is a classic clinical indicator of DMD. It refers to the maneuver children with DMD use to rise from the floor, involving the use of their hands to “walk” up their legs due to proximal muscle weakness. This sign is typically observed in early childhood and is a key diagnostic feature of DMD1.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Rye and oats: Rye contains gluten, which must be avoided by individuals with celiac disease. Oats, while naturally gluten-free, can often be contaminated with gluten during processing. Therefore, they should be introduced cautiously and only if labeled gluten-free.
Choice B Reason:
Wheat and corn: Wheat is a major source of gluten and must be strictly avoided by those with celiac disease. Corn, on the other hand, is naturally gluten-free and safe for consumption. However, since wheat is included in this option, it is not suitable for a gluten-free diet.
Choice C Reason:
Rice and soy: Both rice and soy are naturally gluten-free and safe for individuals with celiac disease. They are excellent alternatives to gluten-containing grains and provide essential nutrients.
Choice D Reason:
Barley and millet grain: Barley contains gluten and must be avoided by those with celiac disease. Millet is naturally gluten-free and safe for consumption. However, since barley is included in this option, it is not suitable for a gluten-free diet.
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