Which client is at the greatest risk for developing an acid-base imbalance or electrolyte disorder?
18-month-old who has had watery stools for 3 days
A client who has a gastrostomy tube
70-year-old with constipation
27-year-old with a 24-hour history of nausea and vomiting
The Correct Answer is A
A. 18-month-old who has had watery stools for 3 days: Young children have a higher risk of dehydration and electrolyte imbalances due to their smaller body fluid reserves. Prolonged diarrhea can cause significant fluid and electrolyte loss, leading to potential acid-base imbalances.
B. A client who has a gastrostomy tube: While a gastrostomy tube can present risks for infection and nutritional imbalances, it is typically managed to ensure adequate nutrition and fluid intake, making electrolyte imbalances less likely unless complications arise.
C. 70-year-old with constipation: Constipation alone is less likely to cause significant fluid and electrolyte disturbances compared to prolonged diarrhea, although chronic constipation can lead to other complications such as fecal impaction.
D. 27-year-old with a 24-hour history of nausea and vomiting: A short-term episode of nausea and vomiting can lead to temporary fluid and electrolyte imbalances, but it is less severe compared to several days of diarrhea, particularly in a young child.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Inhale rapidly when using the spacer with the MDI. Inhalation should be slow and deep to allow the medication to be delivered effectively to the lungs. Rapid inhalation can cause the medication to be deposited in the oropharynx instead.
B. The spacer increases the amount of medication delivered to the lungs. A spacer helps to improve medication delivery to the lungs by allowing more time for the medication to be inhaled and reducing deposition in the mouth and throat.
C. The spacer increases the amount of medication delivered to the oropharynx. The spacer actually reduces the amount of medication delivered to the oropharynx by holding the medication in a chamber, allowing for more medication to reach the lungs.
D. Cover exhalation slots of the spacer with lips when inhaling. The exhalation slots should remain open to allow for normal breathing. The child should create a good seal around the mouthpiece but not block any slots.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Take with at least two full glasses of water : This is the correct answer. Bulk-forming laxatives require adequate fluid intake to swell in the intestine, forming a gel-like substance that aids in stool formation and bowel movement. Without sufficient water, they can cause or worsen constipation.
B. Increase food intake: This is not specific to the administration of bulk-forming laxatives and may not directly address the proper use of the medication.
C. Decrease water intake: This is incorrect and potentially harmful, as inadequate water intake can lead to impaction or obstruction when taking bulk-forming laxatives.
D. Exercise more than three times a week: While regular exercise is beneficial for bowel health, this instruction does not directly relate to the specific needs of taking bulk-forming laxatives.
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