Which client is at the greatest risk for developing an acid-base imbalance or electrolyte disorder?

18-month-old who has had watery stools for 3 days

A client who has a gastrostomy tube

70-year-old with constipation

27-year-old with a 24-hour history of nausea and vomiting

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. 18-month-old who has had watery stools for 3 days: Young children have a higher risk of dehydration and electrolyte imbalances due to their smaller body fluid reserves. Prolonged diarrhea can cause significant fluid and electrolyte loss, leading to potential acid-base imbalances.
B. A client who has a gastrostomy tube: While a gastrostomy tube can present risks for infection and nutritional imbalances, it is typically managed to ensure adequate nutrition and fluid intake, making electrolyte imbalances less likely unless complications arise.
C. 70-year-old with constipation: Constipation alone is less likely to cause significant fluid and electrolyte disturbances compared to prolonged diarrhea, although chronic constipation can lead to other complications such as fecal impaction.
D. 27-year-old with a 24-hour history of nausea and vomiting: A short-term episode of nausea and vomiting can lead to temporary fluid and electrolyte imbalances, but it is less severe compared to several days of diarrhea, particularly in a young child.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Fine rales: Fine rales are more indicative of fluid in the lungs, such as in heart failure, and are not typical in asthma exacerbations.
B. Pleural friction rub: Pleural friction rub is associated with pleuritis or inflammation of the pleura, not asthma.
C. Expiratory wheeze: Expiratory wheezing is a classic sign of asthma, caused by narrowed airways and airflow obstruction during expiration.
D. Rhonchi: Rhonchi are usually related to secretions or obstructions in the larger airways and are less specific to asthma.

A. Proton-pump inhibitors B. Antibiotics C. H2-receptor blockers D. Antacids

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Proton-pump inhibitors: While proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) help reduce stomach acid and promote ulcer healing, they do not eradicate H. pylori on their own. They are used in combination with antibiotics to treat H. pylori infection.
B. Antibiotics: This is the correct answer. H. pylori is a bacterial infection, and antibiotics are required to eradicate the bacteria. Common regimens include combinations of two or more antibiotics to prevent resistance.
C. H2-receptor blockers: H2-receptor blockers reduce stomach acid but do not eradicate H. pylori. They are supportive treatments to reduce symptoms and promote healing alongside antibiotic therapy.
D. Antacids: Antacids provide symptomatic relief by neutralizing stomach acid but do not treat the underlying H. pylori infection or promote long-term healing of ulcers.

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Which client is at the greatest risk for developing an acid-base imbalance or electrolyte disorder?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is collecting data from a client who is having an acute asthma exacerbation. When auscultating the client's chest, the nurse should expect to hear which of the following sounds?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

An ulcer caused by H. pylori can be successfully treated with which classification of drugs?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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