Which client is at the greatest risk for developing an acid-base imbalance or electrolyte disorder?
18-month-old who has had watery stools for 3 days
A client who has a gastrostomy tube
70-year-old with constipation
27-year-old with a 24-hour history of nausea and vomiting
The Correct Answer is A
A. 18-month-old who has had watery stools for 3 days: Young children have a higher risk of dehydration and electrolyte imbalances due to their smaller body fluid reserves. Prolonged diarrhea can cause significant fluid and electrolyte loss, leading to potential acid-base imbalances.
B. A client who has a gastrostomy tube: While a gastrostomy tube can present risks for infection and nutritional imbalances, it is typically managed to ensure adequate nutrition and fluid intake, making electrolyte imbalances less likely unless complications arise.
C. 70-year-old with constipation: Constipation alone is less likely to cause significant fluid and electrolyte disturbances compared to prolonged diarrhea, although chronic constipation can lead to other complications such as fecal impaction.
D. 27-year-old with a 24-hour history of nausea and vomiting: A short-term episode of nausea and vomiting can lead to temporary fluid and electrolyte imbalances, but it is less severe compared to several days of diarrhea, particularly in a young child.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["E"]
Explanation
A. Hyperthyroidism: Decongestants can stimulate the sympathetic nervous system, potentially increasing heart rate and blood pressure, which may worsen symptoms in individuals with hyperthyroidism.
B. Heart disease: Decongestants can cause vasoconstriction, increasing the workload on the heart and exacerbating conditions like coronary artery disease and heart failure.
C. Hypertension: Decongestants can raise blood pressure due to vasoconstriction, posing a risk for patients with pre-existing hypertension.
D. Diabetes: Some decongestants can influence blood glucose levels and interfere with diabetes management. They can also increase blood pressure, which is a concern for diabetic patients with hypertension.
E. Allergic rhinitis: Decongestants are commonly used to alleviate nasal congestion associated with allergic rhinitis. They are not contraindicated for this condition and, in fact, are a typical treatment option.
Correct Answer is ["250"]
Explanation
DesiredDose=250mg
AvailableConcentration=125mg/5mL
VolumetoAdminister=DesiredDose/AvailableConcentration × Volume
= 250 mg ÷ 125 mg/5mL
= 250/125 × 5mL
= 2 ×5mL
= 10 mL
So, the nurse should administer 10 mL.
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