Which client is at the greatest risk for developing an acid-base imbalance or electrolyte disorder?

18-month-old who has had watery stools for 3 days

A client who has a gastrostomy tube

70-year-old with constipation

27-year-old with a 24-hour history of nausea and vomiting

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. 18-month-old who has had watery stools for 3 days: Young children have a higher risk of dehydration and electrolyte imbalances due to their smaller body fluid reserves. Prolonged diarrhea can cause significant fluid and electrolyte loss, leading to potential acid-base imbalances.
B. A client who has a gastrostomy tube: While a gastrostomy tube can present risks for infection and nutritional imbalances, it is typically managed to ensure adequate nutrition and fluid intake, making electrolyte imbalances less likely unless complications arise.
C. 70-year-old with constipation: Constipation alone is less likely to cause significant fluid and electrolyte disturbances compared to prolonged diarrhea, although chronic constipation can lead to other complications such as fecal impaction.
D. 27-year-old with a 24-hour history of nausea and vomiting: A short-term episode of nausea and vomiting can lead to temporary fluid and electrolyte imbalances, but it is less severe compared to several days of diarrhea, particularly in a young child.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Therapeutic effects may take weeks: the onset of the antisecretory effect of omeprazole is usually achieved within one hour, but it may take up to 4 weeks for it to work fully.
B. This drug should not be taken for a prolonged period of time: prolonged use can lead to complications such as nutrient malabsorption and bone fractures.
C. This drug must be used with antacids to be effective: This is incorrect; omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor and works independently of antacids.
D. This drug is safe for long-term use: Omeprazole is generally safe for short-term use, but long-term use should be carefully monitored due to potential risks (such as decreased bone density, vitamin B12 deficiency, and kidney disease). It is not considered safe for indefinite or unrestricted long-term use.

A. Constipation B. Nasal congestion C. Productive cough D. Sedation

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. ConstipationL Constipation is not a common adverse effect of oxymetazoline, which is a nasal decongestant.
B. Nasal congestion: This is correct. Prolonged use of oxymetazoline can lead to rebound congestion, where the nasal passages become more congested when the medication is stopped.
C. Productive cough: A productive cough is not associated with oxymetazoline use.
D. Sedation: Oxymetazoline does not typically cause sedation; it is a topical decongestant.

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Which client is at the greatest risk for developing an acid-base imbalance or electrolyte disorder?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse understands that it is important that the teaching plan for a patient on omeprazole (Prilosec) should include which of the following?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who has been taking oxymetazoline (Afrin) nasal spray for the past 10 days for allergic rhinitis. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following manifestations as an adverse effect of this medication?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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