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Which client is at the greatest risk for developing an acid-base imbalance or electrolyte disorder?

A.

18-month-old who has had watery stools for 3 days

B.

A client who has a gastrostomy tube

C.

70-year-old with constipation

D.

27-year-old with a 24-hour history of nausea and vomiting

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. 18-month-old who has had watery stools for 3 days: Young children have a higher risk of dehydration and electrolyte imbalances due to their smaller body fluid reserves. Prolonged diarrhea can cause significant fluid and electrolyte loss, leading to potential acid-base imbalances.
B. A client who has a gastrostomy tube: While a gastrostomy tube can present risks for infection and nutritional imbalances, it is typically managed to ensure adequate nutrition and fluid intake, making electrolyte imbalances less likely unless complications arise.
C. 70-year-old with constipation: Constipation alone is less likely to cause significant fluid and electrolyte disturbances compared to prolonged diarrhea, although chronic constipation can lead to other complications such as fecal impaction.
D. 27-year-old with a 24-hour history of nausea and vomiting: A short-term episode of nausea and vomiting can lead to temporary fluid and electrolyte imbalances, but it is less severe compared to several days of diarrhea, particularly in a young child.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is ["40"]

Explanation

Available solution: 5 mg/5 mL

Dosage required: 40 mg

To find out how many milliliters to administer, use the formula:

Volume(mL)= Doserequired(mg) ÷ Concentration(mg/mL)

Concentration=5mg÷5mL=1mg/mL

Volume(mL)=40mg÷1mg/mL=40mL

Therefore, the nurse should administer 40 mL.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. "I should avoid the use of alcohol." This statement is correct as alcohol can irritate and worsen peptic ulcers.
B. "Good thing I can eat raw foods. I love to go to the salad bar." While spicy or acidic foods might irritate the stomach, raw foods themselves aren't necessarily harmful for peptic ulcers. A healthcare professional can provide a more specific dietary plan.
C. "Right now I'm not feeling sick, but if I do feel nauseous, I can take an antiemetic." This is generally acceptable advice; antiemetics can be used to manage nausea associated with peptic ulcers.
D. "It's okay for me to take aspirin if I get a headache." This is incorrect and indicates a need for further education. Aspirin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that can aggravate ulcers and should be avoided.

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