Which type of hemolytic anemia is categorized as an inherited disorder?

Sickle cell anemia

Hypersplenism

Cold agglutinin disease

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Reasoning:

Choice A reason: Sickle cell anemia is an inherited disorder caused by a genetic mutation in the hemoglobin gene, leading to abnormal hemoglobin (HbS). This causes red blood cells to sickle under stress, triggering hemolysis. The autosomal recessive inheritance pattern makes it a classic example of an inherited hemolytic anemia with chronic hemolysis.

Choice B reason: Hypersplenism is not an inherited disorder but a condition where an enlarged spleen sequesters and destroys red blood cells, causing anemia. It results from secondary causes like liver disease or portal hypertension, not genetic mutations, making it an acquired cause of hemolytic anemia.

Choice C reason: Cold agglutinin disease is typically acquired, often due to infections or autoimmune disorders, causing antibodies to agglutinate red blood cells at low temperatures, leading to hemolysis. While rare congenital forms exist, it is not primarily inherited, unlike sickle cell anemia’s genetic basis.

Choice D reason: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia is usually acquired, caused by autoantibodies attacking red blood cells, leading to hemolysis. It is associated with conditions like lupus or infections, not genetic mutations. Unlike sickle cell anemia, it lacks an inherited genetic component as its primary etiology.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Reasoning:

Choice A reason: Aspiration precautions are important in head injury to prevent pneumonia, particularly if consciousness is impaired, but they are not specific seizure prophylactic measures. Seizures require anticonvulsants to prevent neuronal hyperexcitability, making aspiration precautions a secondary concern unrelated to seizure prevention.

Choice B reason: Anticonvulsant medications, initiated early (e.g., day two), are standard for seizure prophylaxis in head injury. Trauma can cause cortical irritation, increasing seizure risk. Drugs like levetiracetam stabilize neuronal activity, preventing seizures, which could worsen brain injury or ICP, making this the primary measure.

Choice C reason: Intubation and ventilator support are used for severe head injuries with compromised airway or breathing but are not seizure prophylaxis. Seizures are managed with anticonvulsants, as mechanical ventilation does not address neuronal excitability, making this inappropriate for seizure prevention.

Choice D reason: Antiemetic medications manage nausea but are not seizure prophylactic measures. While vomiting may occur post-head injury, it does not prevent seizures, which result from cortical irritability. Anticonvulsants directly target seizure risk, making antiemetics irrelevant to this specific intervention goal.

A. Arrange for friends and family members to sit with the client B. Restrain the client as ordered C. Pad the side rails of the client’s bed D. Administer opioids PRN as prescribed

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Reasoning:

Choice A reason: Arranging for friends and family to sit with the client may provide comfort but does not directly prevent injury from agitation. Family presence cannot ensure physical safety during sudden movements, whereas padding side rails directly reduces harm from agitation-related impacts in head injury.

Choice B reason: Restraining the client increases agitation and injury risk in head-injured patients, as it can exacerbate distress and cause pressure injuries. Non-restrictive measures like padding are safer, reducing harm from agitation without compromising autonomy or worsening neurological status in this high-risk population.

Choice C reason: Padding side rails is the best intervention to prevent injury in an agitated client with a head injury. Agitation increases the risk of hitting bed rails, causing bruises or fractures. Padding absorbs impact, ensuring safety without restricting movement, addressing the immediate physical risk effectively.

Choice D reason: Administering opioids PRN may reduce pain but not agitation in head injury. Opioids can depress respiration and consciousness, potentially masking neurological changes or worsening ICP, making them less safe than padding side rails to prevent physical injury from agitation-related movements.

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Which type of hemolytic anemia is categorized as an inherited disorder?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client sustained a head injury as a result of trauma. The health care provider has instituted seizure prophylactic measures. The nurse anticipates which specific measures being initiated for this client?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A client with a head injury has been increasingly agitated and the nurse has consequently identified a risk for injury. What is the nurse’s best intervention for preventing injury?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

An intensive care nurse is aware of the need to identify clients who may be at risk of developing disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Which ICU client most likely faces the highest risk of DIC?

The nurse is collecting data for a client who has been diagnosed with iron-deficiency anemia. What subjective findings does the nurse recognize as symptoms related to this type of anemia?

A client comes to the clinic reporting fatigue. Laboratory findings reveal a low serum iron level, a low transferrin saturation, and a low ferritin level. Which type of anemia does the nurse suspect that correlates with these laboratory findings?

A preceptor discussing stroke with a new nurse on the unit would tell the new nurse that which cardiac dysrhythmia is associated with cardiogenic embolic strokes?

The nurse is caring for a client with a cerebral aneurysm. Why does the nurse limit the interaction of visitors or family members with the client who has an aneurysm?

The nurse assesses a client who has been diagnosed with Addison's disease. Which of the following is a diagnostic sign of this disease?

While monitoring a client for the development of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), the nurse should take note of which assessment parameters?

Which endocrine disorder causes the client to have dilutional hyponatremia?