Which type of hemolytic anemia is categorized as an inherited disorder?

Sickle cell anemia

Hypersplenism

Cold agglutinin disease

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Reasoning:

Choice A reason: Sickle cell anemia is an inherited disorder caused by a genetic mutation in the hemoglobin gene, leading to abnormal hemoglobin (HbS). This causes red blood cells to sickle under stress, triggering hemolysis. The autosomal recessive inheritance pattern makes it a classic example of an inherited hemolytic anemia with chronic hemolysis.

Choice B reason: Hypersplenism is not an inherited disorder but a condition where an enlarged spleen sequesters and destroys red blood cells, causing anemia. It results from secondary causes like liver disease or portal hypertension, not genetic mutations, making it an acquired cause of hemolytic anemia.

Choice C reason: Cold agglutinin disease is typically acquired, often due to infections or autoimmune disorders, causing antibodies to agglutinate red blood cells at low temperatures, leading to hemolysis. While rare congenital forms exist, it is not primarily inherited, unlike sickle cell anemia’s genetic basis.

Choice D reason: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia is usually acquired, caused by autoantibodies attacking red blood cells, leading to hemolysis. It is associated with conditions like lupus or infections, not genetic mutations. Unlike sickle cell anemia, it lacks an inherited genetic component as its primary etiology.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Reasoning:

Choice A reason: Hair loss may not significantly decline with successful Cushing’s syndrome treatment. Excess cortisol causes hirsutism or hair thinning due to androgen excess or protein catabolism. Treatment reduces cortisol, but hair changes may persist due to slow hair growth cycles or irreversible follicular damage.

Choice B reason: Successful treatment of Cushing’s syndrome lowers serum glucose levels. Excess cortisol induces insulin resistance and gluconeogenesis, causing hyperglycemia. Reducing cortisol through treatment (e.g., surgery or medication) restores insulin sensitivity and reduces glucose production, normalizing blood sugar levels, a key indicator of effective management.

Choice C reason: Bone demineralization may not decline quickly with treatment. Chronic cortisol excess inhibits osteoblast activity and calcium absorption, causing osteoporosis. While treatment halts further bone loss, reversal is slow due to the time required for bone remodeling, making this less immediate than glucose normalization.

Choice D reason: Menstrual flow may not immediately increase with treatment. Cortisol excess disrupts gonadotropin release, causing amenorrhea. Restoring normal cortisol levels may improve menstrual cycles, but hormonal recovery is gradual, and changes in flow are less immediate or reliable than glucose level declines as a treatment outcome.

A. Consume adequate amounts of fluid B. Come to the clinic for IV fluid therapy daily C. Limit the fluid intake at night D. Weigh themselves daily

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Reasoning:

Choice A reason: Consuming adequate fluids is essential in diabetes insipidus to replace the large volumes of water lost through polyuria due to ADH deficiency. Adequate hydration prevents dehydration, maintains electrolyte balance, and alleviates excessive thirst, supporting the body’s compensatory mechanisms to manage the high urine output characteristic of this condition.

Choice B reason: Daily IV fluid therapy is not a practical or necessary intervention for diabetes insipidus. While severe dehydration may require IV fluids, oral hydration is sufficient for most patients to manage polyuria. Regular clinic visits for IV therapy are invasive, costly, and not standard for controlling thirst or fluid loss.

Choice C reason: Limiting fluid intake at night is counterproductive in diabetes insipidus, as it exacerbates dehydration caused by excessive urine output. Patients need to maintain hydration to compensate for water loss and reduce thirst. Restricting fluids could worsen symptoms and lead to complications like hypernatremia or hypovolemia.

Choice D reason: Daily weighing monitors fluid status but does not directly control thirst or compensate for urine loss in diabetes insipidus. While useful for assessing treatment response, it is a passive measure and does not address the active need to replace fluid losses through adequate oral intake to manage symptoms.

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Which type of hemolytic anemia is categorized as an inherited disorder?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client is being successfully treated for Cushing's syndrome. The nurse should expect a decline in:

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

What interventions can the nurse encourage the client with diabetes insipidus to implement to control thirst and compensate for urine loss?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The nurse is caring for an older adult client who has been admitted to the unit with anemia. What would the nurse expect the client to possibly exhibit?

A preceptor discussing stroke with a new nurse on the unit would tell the new nurse that which cardiac dysrhythmia is associated with cardiogenic embolic strokes?

Which clinical sign is associated with diabetes insipidus?

A client is ordered desmopressin (DDAVP) for the treatment of diabetes insipidus. What therapeutic response does the nurse anticipate the client will experience?

A nurse is doing a physical examination of a child with sickle cell anemia. When the child asks why the nurse auscultates the lungs and heart, what would be the best response by the nurse?

A client reports feeling tired, cold, and short of breath at times. Assessment reveals tachycardia and reduced energy. What would the nurse expect the health care provider to order?

A client with anemia has been admitted to the medical-surgical unit. Which assessment findings are characteristic of iron deficiency anemia?