Which common childhood communicable disease may cause severe defects in the fetus when it occurs in its congenital form?
Rubella
Varicella-zoster
Rubeola
Mumps
The Correct Answer is A
A. Rubella:
Rubella is a viral infection that, when contracted by a pregnant woman during the first trimester, can lead to congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) in the developing fetus. CRS can result in severe birth defects, including heart abnormalities, hearing impairments, and vision problems.
B. Varicella-zoster:
Varicella-zoster virus causes chickenpox. While chickenpox can cause complications in certain populations, it is not specifically associated with severe defects in the fetus when the mother is infected during pregnancy.
C. Rubeola:
Rubeola, commonly known as measles, can lead to complications, but it is not as strongly associated with severe defects in the fetus if the mother is infected during pregnancy compared to rubella.
D. Mumps:
Mumps is generally not associated with severe defects in the fetus when the mother is infected during pregnancy. However, mumps infection during pregnancy can pose risks to the mother's health.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["0.1696"]
Explanation
To calculate the ordered dose by the physician in mg/kg/dose, we need to convert the infant's weight from pounds and ounces to kilograms. One pound is equal to 0.4536 kg and one ounce is equal to 0.02835 kg. Therefore, the infant's weight in kilograms is:
6 x 0.4536 + 3 x 0.02835 = 2.948 kg
The ordered dose by the physician is 0.5 mg IV q 2 hours prn. To find the dose in mg/kg/dose, we divide the dose in mg by the weight in kg:
0.5 / 2.948 = 0.1696 mg/kg/dose
The recommended dosage for a child is 0.1-0.2 mg/kg/dose q2-4 hours prn. The ordered dose by the physician falls within this range, so it is a safe dosage for the infant.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Pertussis:
Pertussis, commonly known as whooping cough, is caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. It is characterized by a persistent cough with a distinctive "whoop" sound during the inspiratory phase. The cough can be severe and may last for several weeks. The characteristic whooping sound is due to the rapid intake of breath after a coughing episode.
B. Asthma:
Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by recurrent episodes of wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath. It is not typically associated with a whooping sound during the inspiratory phase. Asthma symptoms are often triggered by factors such as allergies, exercise, or exposure to irritants.
C. Bronchiolitis:
Bronchiolitis is commonly caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), especially in infants. It presents with symptoms such as cough, wheezing, and respiratory distress. However, it does not involve the characteristic whooping cough sound seen in pertussis.
D. Acute Laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB):
Acute Laryngotracheobronchitis, or croup, is characterized by a barking cough, stridor (a high-pitched sound during inhalation), and respiratory distress. It is common in young children and is often caused by viruses. Unlike pertussis, it does not typically include the distinctive whooping sound.
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