A nurse is preparing to administer scheduled immunizations to a 5-year-old child. Which of the following vaccines should the nurse plan to administer (Select all that apply)?

A. Exposure to contaminated body fluid:

HIV can be transmitted through exposure to contaminated body fluids such as blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk. However, in the context of infants, mother-to-child transmission is the primary mode of concern.

B. Mother-to-child transmission:

Mother-to-child transmission, also known as perinatal or vertical transmission, is the major means of HIV transmission in infants. It can occur during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding when the virus is passed from an HIV-positive mother to her child.

C. Blood transfusions:

While HIV transmission through blood transfusions was a concern in the past, current blood screening and testing procedures have significantly reduced this risk. It is not a major means of transmission in the infant population.

D. Sharing of infected needles:

The sharing of infected needles is a risk factor for HIV transmission among individuals who use injection drugs. However, this mode of transmission is not relevant to infants, as they are not typically exposed to such risk factors.

A. “My child has a vocabulary of approximately 20 words.”

This statement indicates language development, and an 18-month-old with a vocabulary of approximately 20 words is within the expected range. It's a positive indicator of language acquisition.

B. “My child is still thumb sucking.”

Thumb sucking is a common self-soothing behavior in infants and toddlers. While it's a normal behavior, it typically decreases with age. Thumb sucking alone may not necessarily be a cause for concern unless it persists significantly and interferes with other aspects of development.

C. “My child seems to be quite wary of strangers.”

Stranger anxiety is a normal developmental stage, and many children exhibit wariness or fear of unfamiliar people around the age of 18 months. It is considered a typical response and not necessarily indicative of developmental delay.

D. “My child is able to stand but is not yet taking steps independently.”

At 18 months, most children are expected to be walking independently. The inability to take independent steps might be a concern for gross motor skill development. While some variation is normal, a delay in achieving this milestone might prompt further evaluation to rule out any underlying developmental issues.