Which complication of diabetes mellitus is characterized by the accumulation of glucose within the lens of the eye, leading to changes in vision and the development of cataracts?
Diabetic retinopathy.
Diabetic neuropathy.
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).
Diabetic cataracts.
The Correct Answer is D
Diabetic cataracts result from the accumulation of glucose within the lens of the eye, leading to changes in vision and the development of cataracts. This can cause blurred vision and visual disturbances.
Incorrect choices:
a. This choice is incorrect. Diabetic retinopathy is a complication that affects the blood vessels of the retina and can lead to vision loss.
b. This choice is incorrect. Diabetic neuropathy refers to nerve damage due to diabetes and can cause symptoms such as tingling, pain, and loss of sensation in the extremities.
c. This choice is incorrect. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an acute complication characterized by high blood glucose levels, ketosis, and metabolic acidosis.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
The HbA1c test measures the average blood glucose level over the past 2-3 months and provides information about long-term glucose control. It is commonly used to monitor diabetes management and assess the effectiveness of treatment.
Incorrect choices:
a. This choice is incorrect. The fasting blood glucose test measures blood glucose levels after an overnight fast and provides information about current glucose levels, not long-term control.
b. This choice is incorrect. The OGTT measures the body's ability to clear glucose from the blood and is used to diagnose diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance, but it is not typically used for assessing long-term glucose control.
d. This choice is incorrect. The C-peptide test is used to assess insulin production by the pancreas and is not typically used to assess long-term glucose control.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is characterized by an autoimmune process in which the body's immune system destroys the pancreatic beta cells responsible for producing insulin. This results in an absolute deficiency of insulin, requiring exogenous insulin administration for glycemic control.
Incorrect choices:
b. This choice is incorrect. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion, rather than autoimmune destruction of beta cells.
c. This choice is incorrect. Gestational diabetes mellitus occurs during pregnancy and is not characterized by autoimmune destruction of beta cells.
d. This choice is incorrect. Prediabetes is a precursor to type 2 diabetes and involves impaired glucose tolerance, but it does not result from autoimmune destruction of beta cells.
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