Which of the following is a potential consequence of prolonged hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus?

Hypoglycemic episodes and dizziness.

Increased cellular glucose uptake and energy production.

Formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) leading to tissue damage.

Enhanced insulin sensitivity and improved glucose control.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Prolonged hyperglycemia in diabetes can lead to the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which contribute to tissue damage, inflammation, and complications such as neuropathy and nephropathy.

Incorrect choices:

a. This choice is incorrect. Hypoglycemic episodes are associated with low blood sugar, not prolonged hyperglycemia.

b. This choice is incorrect. Increased cellular glucose uptake and energy production would not be consequences of prolonged hyperglycemia; rather, hyperglycemia impairs cellular glucose uptake.

d. This choice is incorrect. Prolonged hyperglycemia leads to insulin resistance, not enhanced insulin sensitivity.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that plays a crucial role in regulating blood glucose levels. It facilitates glucose uptake into cells, promotes glycogen synthesis in the liver and muscles, and inhibits hepatic glucose production.

Incorrect choices:

a. This choice is incorrect. Glucagon is another pancreatic hormone that increases blood glucose levels by promoting glycogen breakdown and glucose release from the liver.

c. This choice is incorrect. Epinephrine is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands that can raise blood glucose levels during times of stress.

d. This choice is incorrect. Cortisol, also produced by the adrenal glands, can increase blood glucose levels in response to stress and inflammation.

A. Oral antidiabetic medication therapy. B. Basal-bolus insulin therapy. C. Sliding-scale insulin therapy. D. Insulin glargine therapy.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Basal-bolus insulin therapy involves administering a continuous basal insulin infusion to provide background insulin coverage and delivering bolus doses of insulin before meals to cover postprandial glucose elevations.

Incorrect choices:

a. This choice is incorrect. Oral antidiabetic medications are not used in basal-bolus insulin therapy.

c. This choice is incorrect. Sliding-scale insulin therapy involves adjusting insulin doses based on current blood glucose levels, rather than providing consistent basal and mealtime coverage.

d. This choice is incorrect. Insulin glargine therapy provides long-acting basal insulin coverage but does not involve bolus doses before meals.

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Which of the following is a potential consequence of prolonged hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which hormone, produced by the pancreas, plays a key role in regulating blood glucose levels by facilitating glucose uptake into cells and promoting its storage as glycogen in the liver and muscles?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Which treatment approach involves delivering a continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion using an insulin pump and providing bolus doses before meals to mimic physiologic insulin secretion?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Which complication of diabetes mellitus is characterized by the accumulation of glucose within the lens of the eye, leading to changes in vision and the development of cataracts?

Which diagnostic test is commonly used to assess long-term glucose control in individuals with diabetes mellitus?

Which type of diabetes mellitus is characterized by an autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, leading to an absolute deficiency of insulin production?

Which classification of diabetes mellitus is caused by other medical conditions or factors, such as certain medications or hormonal imbalances?

Which of the following is a classic symptom of hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus?

The nurse is explaining the role of insulin in diabetes mellitus. Which statement by the client indicates a need for further clarification?

Which classification of diabetes mellitus is characterized by an autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, resulting in an absolute insulin deficiency?

Which complication of diabetes mellitus is characterized by damage to the blood vessels of the retina, leading to vision impairment and potential blindness?