Which of the following is a potential consequence of prolonged hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus?
Hypoglycemic episodes and dizziness.
Increased cellular glucose uptake and energy production.
Formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) leading to tissue damage.
Enhanced insulin sensitivity and improved glucose control.
The Correct Answer is C
Prolonged hyperglycemia in diabetes can lead to the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which contribute to tissue damage, inflammation, and complications such as neuropathy and nephropathy.
Incorrect choices:
a. This choice is incorrect. Hypoglycemic episodes are associated with low blood sugar, not prolonged hyperglycemia.
b. This choice is incorrect. Increased cellular glucose uptake and energy production would not be consequences of prolonged hyperglycemia; rather, hyperglycemia impairs cellular glucose uptake.
d. This choice is incorrect. Prolonged hyperglycemia leads to insulin resistance, not enhanced insulin sensitivity.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Glipizide is a sulfonylurea medication that stimulates insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells, helping to lower blood glucose levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Incorrect choices:
a. This choice is incorrect. Metformin is an oral antidiabetic medication that primarily improves insulin sensitivity and reduces hepatic glucose production.
c. This choice is incorrect. Insulin glargine is a long-acting basal insulin used in insulin therapy to provide consistent background insulin coverage.
d. This choice is incorrect. Acarbose is an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor that delays carbohydrate absorption in the intestines and is used to manage postprandial hyperglycemia.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Excessive thirst and frequent urination are classic symptoms of hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus. These symptoms result from the body's attempt to eliminate excess glucose through urine.
Incorrect choices:
b. This choice is incorrect. Bradycardia and low blood pressure are not classic symptoms of hyperglycemia; they may be associated with other conditions.
c. This choice is incorrect. Weight gain and increased appetite are not typical symptoms of hyperglycemia; they may be observed in certain situations, but they are not characteristic of uncontrolled diabetes.
d. This choice is incorrect. Hypoglycemic episodes with confusion are symptoms of low blood sugar, not hyperglycemia.
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