Which condition results from a deficit of HCO3 and pH 7.23?

A. Mucous obstruction is a secondary effect of cystic fibrosis, but it is not the primary cellular issue. The root cause lies in the dysfunction of chloride transport, which leads to thick, sticky mucus that obstructs various organs.

B. The primary problem in cystic fibrosis is a defect in the CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) protein, which disrupts electrolyte and water transport across cell membranes. This causes thickened mucus and affects the lungs, pancreas, liver, and intestines.

C. Infection is a common complication in cystic fibrosis due to the buildup of thick mucus, which can trap bacteria, but it is a consequence rather than the primary issue.

D. Pancreatitis is a potential complication of cystic fibrosis due to the blockage of pancreatic ducts, but it is not the major cellular issue.

A. Stones that are too small to pass typically do not require surgical removal. Smaller stones are usually managed conservatively with hydration and pain management.

B. Mild, intermittent pain for 1 day does not usually indicate the need for surgery. Conservative management is often appropriate for such cases.

C. Obstruction of urine flow is a primary indication for surgical removal of renal stones. If a stone is blocking the urinary tract, it can cause severe pain, infection, or kidney damage, making surgical intervention necessary.

D. A small stone without evidence of size increase may not require surgery unless it is causing symptoms or complications. Most small stones pass naturally over time.