A patient with type 2 diabetes is more likely than a client with type 1 diabetes to develop which of the following complications?
Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar-nonketotic syndrome
Hypoglycemia
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Somogyi effect
The Correct Answer is A
A. Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar-nonketotic syndrome (HHNS) is more commonly associated with type 2 diabetes. It is characterized by very high blood sugar levels and dehydration, but without significant ketone production. It typically occurs in older adults with type 2 diabetes who experience severe dehydration and illness.
B. Hypoglycemia is more commonly associated with type 1 diabetes due to the frequent need for insulin therapy, which can cause low blood sugar levels. In type 2 diabetes, hypoglycemia is less common unless the patient is on insulin or certain oral medications.
C. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is primarily a complication of type 1 diabetes. It occurs when there is a severe insulin deficiency, leading to the breakdown of fat for energy and the production of ketones. While DKA can occur in type 2 diabetes, it is far more common in type 1.
D. The Somogyi effect refers to rebound hyperglycemia following an episode of hypoglycemia, typically occurring overnight. It is more commonly seen in type 1 diabetes, especially when insulin doses are too high, causing low blood sugar at night followed by a rebound increase in blood sugar.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Meconium ileus is a common early sign of cystic fibrosis in newborns. It occurs when the meconium, which is the first stool of a newborn, becomes thick and sticky, leading to a blockage in the intestines. This is often one of the first signs of cystic fibrosis in infants.
B. Cyanosis, while indicative of oxygenation problems, is not a specific sign of cystic fibrosis in newborns. It may be seen in many respiratory or cardiac conditions.
C. Yellow, seedy, loose stools are more commonly associated with normal newborn digestion or conditions like lactose intolerance or gastrointestinal infections, not specifically cystic fibrosis.
D. Coughing is a symptom of cystic fibrosis, but it typically develops later as the disease progresses and affects the lungs, rather than being an early sign in newborns.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Obesity is a common symptom of Cushing syndrome but is not the primary diagnostic criterion. Other tests are needed to confirm the diagnosis.
B. A 24-hour urine collection for cortisol is one of the most common and reliable methods for diagnosing Cushing syndrome. Elevated cortisol levels in the urine are indicative of the syndrome.
C. Chronic renal failure is not related to the diagnosis of Cushing syndrome. While Cushing syndrome may affect renal function, it is not the primary diagnostic tool.
D. Alcoholism can cause symptoms similar to those of Cushing syndrome, but it is not used as a diagnostic criterion. The diagnosis of Cushing syndrome requires specific tests, such as urine cortisol measurement.
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