A patient with type 2 diabetes is more likely than a client with type 1 diabetes to develop which of the following complications?
Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar-nonketotic syndrome
Hypoglycemia
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Somogyi effect
The Correct Answer is A
A. Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar-nonketotic syndrome (HHNS) is more commonly associated with type 2 diabetes. It is characterized by very high blood sugar levels and dehydration, but without significant ketone production. It typically occurs in older adults with type 2 diabetes who experience severe dehydration and illness.
B. Hypoglycemia is more commonly associated with type 1 diabetes due to the frequent need for insulin therapy, which can cause low blood sugar levels. In type 2 diabetes, hypoglycemia is less common unless the patient is on insulin or certain oral medications.
C. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is primarily a complication of type 1 diabetes. It occurs when there is a severe insulin deficiency, leading to the breakdown of fat for energy and the production of ketones. While DKA can occur in type 2 diabetes, it is far more common in type 1.
D. The Somogyi effect refers to rebound hyperglycemia following an episode of hypoglycemia, typically occurring overnight. It is more commonly seen in type 1 diabetes, especially when insulin doses are too high, causing low blood sugar at night followed by a rebound increase in blood sugar.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Intention tremors are typically associated with neurological conditions, such as Parkinson's disease, rather than Addison's disease.
B. Hirsutism, or excessive hair growth, is often seen in conditions involving excess androgen production, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), but not typically in Addison's disease.
C. Purple striations, or stretch marks, are commonly seen in Cushing's syndrome due to excess cortisol production, not Addison's disease.
D. Hyperpigmentation is a hallmark symptom of Addison's disease. It occurs due to increased production of melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), which is a byproduct of the overproduction of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in response to adrenal insufficiency.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. A room within view of the nurses' station does not provide the necessary isolation for a client with active tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is a contagious airborne disease, and isolation in a room with appropriate ventilation is essential.
B. A room with another nonsurgical client is not appropriate for a patient with active tuberculosis, as it could lead to the spread of the infection to another patient. Isolation in a room designed to prevent airborne transmission is necessary.
C. A room with air exhaust directly to the outdoor environment is the most appropriate choice. Tuberculosis is transmitted through airborne particles, so the client should be placed in a negative pressure room with exhaust ventilation that directs the air outside to prevent the spread of the infection.
D. A room in the ICU is not necessary unless the client requires intensive care. The primary concern is ensuring appropriate isolation, which can be achieved in a standard room with the proper ventilation, rather than an ICU setting.
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