A patient with type 2 diabetes is more likely than a client with type 1 diabetes to develop which of the following complications?
Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar-nonketotic syndrome
Hypoglycemia
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Somogyi effect
The Correct Answer is A
A. Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar-nonketotic syndrome (HHNS) is more commonly associated with type 2 diabetes. It is characterized by very high blood sugar levels and dehydration, but without significant ketone production. It typically occurs in older adults with type 2 diabetes who experience severe dehydration and illness.
B. Hypoglycemia is more commonly associated with type 1 diabetes due to the frequent need for insulin therapy, which can cause low blood sugar levels. In type 2 diabetes, hypoglycemia is less common unless the patient is on insulin or certain oral medications.
C. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is primarily a complication of type 1 diabetes. It occurs when there is a severe insulin deficiency, leading to the breakdown of fat for energy and the production of ketones. While DKA can occur in type 2 diabetes, it is far more common in type 1.
D. The Somogyi effect refers to rebound hyperglycemia following an episode of hypoglycemia, typically occurring overnight. It is more commonly seen in type 1 diabetes, especially when insulin doses are too high, causing low blood sugar at night followed by a rebound increase in blood sugar.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. A hoarse cough may occur with partial airway obstruction, but it is not a typical sign of a complete obstruction. A total obstruction would more likely lead to inability to cough effectively.
B. A total obstruction of the airway, such as from aspirated material, can lead to rapid loss of consciousness due to the lack of oxygen reaching the brain. This is a critical emergency.
C. Inflammation of the mucosa is a response to irritation or injury but would not be the primary manifestation of a total airway obstruction.
D. Dyspnea (difficulty breathing) is common with airway obstructions, but in the case of total obstruction, the person would be unable to breathe at all, leading to more severe signs like loss of consciousness.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Metabolic acidosis is characterized by a low pH and a decrease in bicarbonate, but it is not typically associated with hypokalemia. In fact, acidosis may cause potassium to shift out of cells, increasing serum potassium levels.
B. Metabolic alkalosis is often associated with hypokalemia because the body compensates for alkalosis by shifting potassium into cells, leading to a lower serum potassium level. This is commonly seen with conditions like vomiting or the overuse of diuretics.
C. Hyperchloremia refers to elevated chloride levels, which may be associated with metabolic acidosis, but it is not directly linked to hypokalemia.
D. "None of the above" is incorrect because metabolic alkalosis is a known condition associated with hypokalemia.
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