A patient with type 2 diabetes is more likely than a client with type 1 diabetes to develop which of the following complications?
Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar-nonketotic syndrome
Hypoglycemia
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Somogyi effect
The Correct Answer is A
A. Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar-nonketotic syndrome (HHNS) is more commonly associated with type 2 diabetes. It is characterized by very high blood sugar levels and dehydration, but without significant ketone production. It typically occurs in older adults with type 2 diabetes who experience severe dehydration and illness.
B. Hypoglycemia is more commonly associated with type 1 diabetes due to the frequent need for insulin therapy, which can cause low blood sugar levels. In type 2 diabetes, hypoglycemia is less common unless the patient is on insulin or certain oral medications.
C. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is primarily a complication of type 1 diabetes. It occurs when there is a severe insulin deficiency, leading to the breakdown of fat for energy and the production of ketones. While DKA can occur in type 2 diabetes, it is far more common in type 1.
D. The Somogyi effect refers to rebound hyperglycemia following an episode of hypoglycemia, typically occurring overnight. It is more commonly seen in type 1 diabetes, especially when insulin doses are too high, causing low blood sugar at night followed by a rebound increase in blood sugar.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. A platelet count of 150,000/mm is within the normal range (150,000-450,000/mm), and while platelet count can be important in assessing for bleeding risks, it is not the most urgent value in the context of HIV.
B. A positive Western blot test confirms HIV infection but is not an acute or urgent finding. It is used for diagnosis, and the priority is to manage the ongoing health of the patient.
C. A WBC count of 5,000/mm is within the normal range (4,000-11,000/mm), so this is not an alarming value.
D. A CD4-T-cell count of 180 cells/mm is significantly low. CD4-T-cell count is a critical marker of immune function in HIV patients. A count below 200 cells/mm indicates a severely compromised immune system and places the patient at high risk for opportunistic infections. This is the most urgent value and requires immediate attention.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Cystine stones are rare and occur due to a genetic disorder called cystinuria. They are not the most common type of renal calculi.
B. Uric acid stones are also relatively common, especially in individuals with gout or those with high levels of uric acid in the urine. However, calcium oxalate is more common.
C. Calcium oxalate is the most common type of renal calculi, accounting for about 70-80% of kidney stones. These stones form when calcium combines with oxalate in the urine.
D. Struvite stones are associated with urinary tract infections caused by urease-producing bacteria. They are less common than calcium oxalate stones.
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