A patient with type 2 diabetes is more likely than a client with type 1 diabetes to develop which of the following complications?
Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar-nonketotic syndrome
Hypoglycemia
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Somogyi effect
The Correct Answer is A
A. Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar-nonketotic syndrome (HHNS) is more commonly associated with type 2 diabetes. It is characterized by very high blood sugar levels and dehydration, but without significant ketone production. It typically occurs in older adults with type 2 diabetes who experience severe dehydration and illness.
B. Hypoglycemia is more commonly associated with type 1 diabetes due to the frequent need for insulin therapy, which can cause low blood sugar levels. In type 2 diabetes, hypoglycemia is less common unless the patient is on insulin or certain oral medications.
C. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is primarily a complication of type 1 diabetes. It occurs when there is a severe insulin deficiency, leading to the breakdown of fat for energy and the production of ketones. While DKA can occur in type 2 diabetes, it is far more common in type 1.
D. The Somogyi effect refers to rebound hyperglycemia following an episode of hypoglycemia, typically occurring overnight. It is more commonly seen in type 1 diabetes, especially when insulin doses are too high, causing low blood sugar at night followed by a rebound increase in blood sugar.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Metabolic acidosis occurs when there is a deficit of bicarbonate (HCO3) in the blood, leading to a decrease in pH (below 7.35). A pH of 7.23 indicates acidosis, and the deficit of HCO3 supports a diagnosis of metabolic acidosis.
B. Respiratory acidosis is characterized by an increase in carbon dioxide (CO2) levels, which lowers pH. It is not associated with a bicarbonate deficit.
C. Metabolic alkalosis is characterized by an excess of bicarbonate or a loss of acid, leading to an elevated pH. It is the opposite of metabolic acidosis.
D. Respiratory alkalosis is caused by excessive exhalation of CO2, leading to an increase in pH, not a deficit of bicarbonate.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Insulin is secreted by beta cells of the pancreas, not alpha cells. Therefore, a lack of alpha cells would not affect insulin secretion.
B. Alpha cells of the pancreas are responsible for secreting glucagon, which helps raise blood glucose levels by promoting the release of glucose from the liver. Without alpha cells, glucagon secretion would be impaired.
C. Somatostatin and gastrin are secreted by delta cells and G cells, respectively, not alpha cells. Therefore, a lack of alpha cells would not prevent the secretion of these hormones.
D. Pancreatic polypeptides are secreted by F cells in the pancreas, not alpha cells. Therefore, a lack of alpha cells would not affect the secretion of pancreatic polypeptides.
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