Which congenital heart disease causes cyanosis when not repaired? (select all that apply)
Pulmonary atresia
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
Transposition of great arteries
Tetralogy of Fallot
Correct Answer : A,C,D
A. Pulmonary atresia leads to little or no blood flow to the lungs, resulting in severe cyanosis if not surgically repaired.
B. PDA typically causes a left-to-right shunt and does not usually result in cyanosis unless other defects are present.
C. Transposition of the great arteries (TGA) creates parallel circulations, leading to severe cyanosis without mixing of blood.
D. Tetralogy of Fallot is a classic cyanotic heart defect, especially during "tet spells" due to right-to-left shunting.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. The correct management involves obtaining blood cultures to identify the causative organism, starting high-dose antibiotics for treatment, and assessing for cardiac decompensation as the condition progresses.
B. While CBC and CXR may be ordered, starting aspirin is not a first-line treatment for infective endocarditis.
C. Cyanosis and high-dose steroids are not immediate interventions for infective endocarditis.
D. The first priority is antibiotics and blood cultures, not starting oxygen right away unless the child is hypoxic.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Feeding frequency should be individualized and may need to be more frequent with smaller volumes.
B. Larger volumes increase energy expenditure and fatigue; not recommended.
C. Prolonging feeding times increases fatigue, which can worsen CHF symptoms.
D. Infants with CHF often tire easily; limiting feeding to 30 minutes reduces energy expenditure and prevents fatigue and fluid overload.
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