Which diagnostic test is commonly used to assess long-term glucose control in individuals with diabetes mellitus?
Fasting blood glucose test.
Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).
Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) test.
C-peptide test.
The Correct Answer is C
The HbA1c test measures the average blood glucose level over the past 2-3 months and provides information about long-term glucose control. It is commonly used to monitor diabetes management and assess the effectiveness of treatment.
Incorrect choices:
a. This choice is incorrect. The fasting blood glucose test measures blood glucose levels after an overnight fast and provides information about current glucose levels, not long-term control.
b. This choice is incorrect. The OGTT measures the body's ability to clear glucose from the blood and is used to diagnose diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance, but it is not typically used for assessing long-term glucose control.
d. This choice is incorrect. The C-peptide test is used to assess insulin production by the pancreas and is not typically used to assess long-term glucose control.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Glipizide is a sulfonylurea medication that stimulates insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells, helping to lower blood glucose levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Incorrect choices:
a. This choice is incorrect. Metformin is an oral antidiabetic medication that primarily improves insulin sensitivity and reduces hepatic glucose production.
c. This choice is incorrect. Insulin glargine is a long-acting basal insulin used in insulin therapy to provide consistent background insulin coverage.
d. This choice is incorrect. Acarbose is an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor that delays carbohydrate absorption in the intestines and is used to manage postprandial hyperglycemia.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Prolonged hyperglycemia in diabetes can lead to the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which contribute to tissue damage, inflammation, and complications such as neuropathy and nephropathy.
Incorrect choices:
a. This choice is incorrect. Hypoglycemic episodes are associated with low blood sugar, not prolonged hyperglycemia.
b. This choice is incorrect. Increased cellular glucose uptake and energy production would not be consequences of prolonged hyperglycemia; rather, hyperglycemia impairs cellular glucose uptake.
d. This choice is incorrect. Prolonged hyperglycemia leads to insulin resistance, not enhanced insulin sensitivity.
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