Which of the following is a classic symptom of hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus?

Excessive thirst and frequent urination.

Bradycardia and low blood pressure.

Weight gain and increased appetite.

Hypoglycemic episodes with confusion.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Excessive thirst and frequent urination are classic symptoms of hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus. These symptoms result from the body's attempt to eliminate excess glucose through urine.

Incorrect choices:

b. This choice is incorrect. Bradycardia and low blood pressure are not classic symptoms of hyperglycemia; they may be associated with other conditions.

c. This choice is incorrect. Weight gain and increased appetite are not typical symptoms of hyperglycemia; they may be observed in certain situations, but they are not characteristic of uncontrolled diabetes.

d. This choice is incorrect. Hypoglycemic episodes with confusion are symptoms of low blood sugar, not hyperglycemia.

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Free Nursing Study Resources

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Chronic hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus can lead to damage of small blood vessels and nerves, resulting in neuropathy characterized by numbness, tingling, and pain in the extremities.

Incorrect choices:

a. This choice is incorrect. Nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain are not typically manifestations of neuropathy in diabetes mellitus.

b. This choice is incorrect. Blurred vision and vision loss are associated with diabetic retinopathy, a microvascular complication, not nerve damage.

c. This choice is incorrect. Impaired wound healing and increased susceptibility to infections are related to the effects of hyperglycemia on blood flow and immune function, rather than nerve damage.

A. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). B. Diabetic nephropathy. C. Diabetic neuropathy. D. Diabetic retinopathy.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic complication of diabetes mellitus that affects the kidneys and can lead to impaired kidney function and potential kidney failure. Prolonged high blood glucose levels damage the small blood vessels in the kidneys, leading to kidney damage.

Incorrect choices:

a. This choice is incorrect. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an acute complication characterized by high blood glucose levels, ketosis, and metabolic acidosis.

c. This choice is incorrect. Diabetic neuropathy refers to nerve damage due to diabetes and can cause symptoms such as tingling, pain, and loss of sensation in the extremities.

d. This choice is incorrect. Diabetic retinopathy is a complication that affects the blood vessels of the retina and can lead to vision loss.

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Which of the following is a classic symptom of hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which clinical manifestation of diabetes mellitus results from chronic hyperglycemia damaging small blood vessels and nerves?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Which complication of diabetes mellitus is characterized by kidney damage due to prolonged high blood glucose levels, leading to impaired kidney function and potential kidney failure?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Which classification of diabetes mellitus is not related to insulin deficiency or resistance, but rather results from genetic mutations affecting the function of specific genes involved in beta cell function?

Which of the following is a long-term complication associated with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus?

Which treatment modality involves monitoring blood glucose levels and adjusting insulin doses based on carbohydrate intake, activity level, and current blood glucose levels to achieve tight glycemic control?

Which medication works by inhibiting the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) in the kidneys, leading to increased glucose excretion in the urine, and is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus?

Which dietary component is particularly important for individuals with diabetes mellitus to monitor and control due to its direct impact on blood glucose levels?

Which of the following is a potential consequence of prolonged hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus?

Which of the following statements accurately describes the pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus?

The nurse is teaching a client with diabetes about the importance of blood sugar monitoring. Which statement by the client indicates a need for further clarification?