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Which disorder is a cause of secondary hypertension?

A.

Tuberculosis

B.

Endocarditis

C.

Obstructive sleep apnea

D.

Polycythemia

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Tuberculosis:

TB is a lung infection, not commonly associated with secondary hypertension.

B. Endocarditis:

Endocarditis is an infection of the heart valves, leading to emboli and heart failure but not directly causing hypertension.

C. Obstructive sleep apnea:

OSA can cause secondary hypertension due to intermittent hypoxia and sympathetic nervous system activation during sleep.

D. Polycythemia:

Polycythemia increases blood viscosity, which can lead to increased blood pressure, but it's a less common cause than conditions like OSA, renal disease, or endocrine disorders for secondary hypertension.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Myocardial infarction:

A MI (heart attack) occurs when a blood clot blocks a coronary artery, causing ischemia and necrosis (death) of heart muscle tissue.

B. Angina pectoris:

Angina is reversible chest pain due to temporary ischemia, usually from narrowed arteries, not total blockage by clot.

C. Heart dysrhythmia:

Dysrhythmias are abnormal heart rhythms; they can be a consequence of ischemia, but not directly caused by clots.

D. Atrial fibrillation:

AFib is an irregular, often rapid heart rhythm, but it’s an electrical problem, not caused directly by a blood clot.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. It is the process by which a substance requires energy to pass through a membrane against a concentration gradient:

This describes active transport, not diffusion. Active transport requires ATP to move substances against their gradient.

B. It is the process by which solvent molecules pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one:

This describes osmosis, not diffusion. Osmosis specifically refers to the movement of water.

C. It is the process by which molecules move from high-concentration areas to low-concentration areas:

This correctly defines diffusion - the passive movement of molecules down their concentration gradient.

D. It is the process by which certain molecules pass through the plasma membrane with the help of carrier proteins:

This describes facilitated diffusion, which still moves substances down their gradient but requires a protein carrier.

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