A patient has been diagnosed with COPD.
What are two conditions that can lead to this disease?Choose 2 answers

A. The general pathogen fighting system people are born with that does not change over time:

Innate immunity is nonspecific, present at birth, and provides immediate defense without adapting to specific pathogens.

B. The process in which endothelial cells are separated away from each other, making the capillaries larger:

This describes vascular permeability, a component of inflammation, not a definition of innate immunity.

C. The process by which the body automatically reacts to tissue injured by trauma or bacteria:

This describes the inflammatory response, which is a mechanism of innate immunity, but not the full definition of innate immunity itself.

D. The set of proteins that enhance the ability of the body to initiate the inflammatory response, attack a pathogen, and remove damaged cell material:

This describes the complement system, which is part of innate immunity, but again, it is not the complete definition of innate immunity.

A. Improper perineal hygiene:

Poor perineal hygiene can allow bacteria (like E. coli) from the anus to migrate into the urethra, leading to UTI.

B. High level of physical activity:

Exercise is not a direct risk factor for UTI development.

C. High-sodium diet:

Sodium intake affects blood pressure and fluid balance, but not UTI risk directly.

D. Radiotherapy to the pelvis:

While radiation can damage pelvic tissues and later increase UTI risk, it’s less common and not the primary classic risk factor compared to hygiene issues.