Which factor would alert the nurse that a pregnant woman is at risk for the development of toxoplasmosis?

Choice A rationale
Drugs, such as thalidomide and isotretinoin, are known teratogens that can cause congenital anomalies by interfering with the normal development of the embryo or fetus during critical periods.
Choice B rationale
Infections, such as rubella and cytomegalovirus, are known teratogens that can lead to congenital disorders by causing inflammation, cell damage, and disruption of normal fetal development.
Choice C rationale
Radiation exposure, particularly in high doses during critical periods of organogenesis, is a known teratogen that can result in congenital anomalies such as microcephaly, growth restriction, and intellectual disability.
Choice D rationale
Maternal genetic conditions are not considered teratogens. Teratogens are external agents that cause developmental abnormalities, whereas genetic conditions are inherited and involve genetic mutations or chromosomal abnormalities.

Choice A rationale
Limited perception of bladder fullness can occur with epidural anesthesia, but it is not the most common or harmful complication. Patients should be monitored for urinary retention.
Choice B rationale
Severe afterbirth headache, or post-dural puncture headache, can result from epidural complications, but it is less common than hypotension.
Choice C rationale
Hypotension is the most common and potentially harmful complication of epidural anesthesia. It occurs due to sympathetic nerve blockade, leading to vasodilation and decreased cardiac output. Normal blood pressure ranges: systolic 90-120 mmHg, diastolic 60-80 mmHg.
Choice D rationale
Increased respiratory rate is not a common complication of epidural anesthesia. It is more likely related to anxiety or other factors and should be monitored accordingly.