Which factor would be the first step in the management of hypertension?

Medications

Diagnostic testing

Lifestyle modifications

Cardiac rehab

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Medications: While medications are important for managing hypertension, lifestyle modifications are typically the first line of treatment.
B. Diagnostic testing: This is important for diagnosing hypertension but not a management step.
C. Lifestyle modifications: Lifestyle modifications, such as dietary changes, exercise, and smoking cessation, are the first steps in managing hypertension and can help reduce the need for medication.
D. Cardiac rehab: Cardiac rehabilitation is beneficial for patients with cardiovascular disease but is not the first step for managing hypertension.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Keep affected body areas covered at all times: While keeping warm can help prevent attacks, it is not practical or necessary to cover the areas all the time, especially in warmer environments.
B. Avoid stimulation that causes vasoconstriction: Raynaud disease is triggered by factors that cause vasoconstriction, such as exposure to cold or stress. Avoiding these triggers is key to preventing attacks.
C. Get plenty of outdoor exercise all year: Exercise is beneficial for general health but exposure to cold during outdoor activities can trigger Raynaud's attacks, especially in cold weather.
D. Take vasopressors to prevent exacerbation of symptoms: Vasopressors cause vasoconstriction and would likely worsen Raynaud's symptoms rather than preventing them.

A. A patient with a BP of 170/80 mm Hg with a mild headache B. A patient with a BP of 180/120 mm Hg who is asymptomatic C. A patient with a BP of 150/60 mm Hg who is anxious D. A patient with a blood pressure (BP) of 140/70 mm Hg who has a nosebleed

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. A patient with a BP of 170/80 mm Hg with a mild headache: Although high, this BP is not as immediately critical as 180/120 mm Hg. The patient is experiencing only a mild headache, indicating less urgency.
B. A patient with a BP of 180/120 mm Hg who is asymptomatic: This BP level indicates a hypertensive crisis, which can lead to life-threatening complications such as stroke or heart attack, even if the patient is asymptomatic. Immediate intervention is needed to lower the BP safely.
C. A patient with a BP of 150/60 mm Hg who is anxious: This BP is elevated but not critically so. Anxiety management may be necessary but is not as urgent as managing a hypertensive crisis.
D. A patient with a blood pressure (BP) of 140/70 mm Hg who has a nosebleed: This BP is relatively mild compared to 180/120 mm Hg and is less immediately threatening, even with a nosebleed.

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Which factor would be the first step in the management of hypertension?

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