Which factors predominantly determine probable diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS)?

Muscle biopsies revealing characteristic lesions

Blood tests revealing identifiable MS markers

Lumbar puncture results revealing inflammatory response

Signs and symptoms assessed and reported by the patient

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Muscle biopsies are not used to diagnose MS; they are more relevant in diagnosing muscle disorders, not central nervous system demyelination.
B. There are no definitive blood markers specific to MS; blood tests are mainly used to rule out other conditions.
C. A lumbar puncture may support a diagnosis by revealing oligoclonal bands or inflammatory markers, but it is not the primary determinant.
D. The diagnosis of MS is largely clinical, based on a combination of the patient’s history, reported symptoms (such as vision problems, weakness, and numbness), and neurological examination findings, often supported by MRI and other tests.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Gentamicinis typically administered intravenously, not orally, for serious infections like meningitis due to poor oral absorption.
B. Encouraging 3,000 mL of fluidis excessive and inappropriate for a 10-month-old, risking fluid overload.
C. Wearing a maskis an essential infection control measure when caring for an infant with bacterial meningitis, especially meningococcal meningitis, which can be highly contagious and transmitted via respiratory droplets.
D. Forcing neck flexion can cause severe painand is contraindicatedin meningitis, where neck stiffness is a hallmark symptom.

A. "Simple partial seizures may result in an alteration of consciousness." B. "Your seizures will typically only affect one side of your body. C. "The simple partial seizure may cause motor impairment to begin in all of your extremities. D. "Simple partial seizures are not treatable."

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Simple partial (focal aware) seizures do not alter consciousness; that is a characteristic of complex partial seizures.
B. Focal (partial) seizures typically affect one hemisphereof the brain and therefore one side of the body.
C. Seizures that begin with motor impairment in all extremitiessuggest a generalized seizure, not a simple partial seizure.
D. This is inaccurate. Simple partial seizures are treatablewith antiepileptic medications and sometimes surgical interventions.

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Which factors predominantly determine probable diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS)?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A 10-month-old infant with bacterial meningitis was just started on antibiotic therapy. Which nursing action is especially important in this situation?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The nurse is providing teaching to a patient newly diagnosed with focal seizure disorder. Which statement by the nurse is most accurate?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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Which factors predominantly determine probable diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS)?

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