Which general dietary measure should the nurse include in a teaching plan for the child with type 1 diabetes mellitus?
Focus on complex carbohydrates and eat foods high in fiber
Control intake of carbohydrates and consume fewer calories
Eat a diet low in fat and low in complex carbohydrates
Obtain most calories from proteins and fats
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: Complex carbohydrates (e.g., whole grains) and high-fiber foods provide steady glucose release, aiding glycemic control in type 1 diabetes. Fiber slows glucose absorption, reducing postprandial spikes. This supports insulin therapy, promoting stable blood sugar and preventing hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia, making it the optimal dietary measure for children.
Choice B reason: Controlling carbohydrate intake is important in type 1 diabetes, but reducing calories is not universally required, especially in growing children. Complex carbohydrates and fiber are prioritized for stable glucose levels. Calorie restriction may impair growth, making this a less appropriate dietary focus compared to complex carbohydrate emphasis.
Choice C reason: A diet low in fat is beneficial, but low complex carbohydrates are counterproductive in type 1 diabetes. Complex carbohydrates provide sustained glucose for insulin matching, supporting growth and energy needs. Low-carbohydrate diets risk hypoglycemia, making this an incorrect dietary measure for effective diabetes management in children.
Choice D reason: Obtaining most calories from proteins and fats risks ketosis and inadequate glucose for insulin therapy in type 1 diabetes. Complex carbohydrates are essential for stable blood sugar and growth. High-fat/protein diets may cause long-term cardiovascular issues, making this an inappropriate dietary focus for diabetic children.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Afebrile otitis media is not a contraindication for DTaP vaccination, as mild infections without fever do not increase vaccine risks. DTaP is safe in stable children, and delaying vaccination could leave the infant vulnerable to pertussis, making this an incorrect reason to question administration.
Choice B reason: A sibling’s new seizure disorder is not a contraindication for DTaP in the child, as seizures are not hereditary or vaccine-related in this context. DTaP is safe unless the child has a personal history of seizures post-vaccination, making this an incorrect reason to question administration.
Choice C reason: Egg antigen sensitivity is relevant for vaccines like influenza, not DTaP, which is not egg-based. Allergic reactions to DTaP are rare and unrelated to eggs. This does not warrant questioning the vaccine, as it poses no increased risk, making this an incorrect concern.
Choice D reason: A temperature of 40.5°C (104.9°F) after a prior DTaP suggests a severe reaction, a contraindication to further doses due to risk of recurrence or worsening. This high fever indicates potential hypersensitivity, requiring evaluation before administration to prevent adverse events, making it the reason to question the vaccine.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Rice is naturally gluten-free, safe for celiac disease, as it lacks gliadin, the protein causing intestinal villous atrophy. It provides carbohydrates without triggering immune-mediated damage, supporting nutrient absorption. Rice is an acceptable food choice, not causing the malabsorption or inflammation seen in celiac disease, making it a correct dietary option.
Choice B reason: Barley contains gluten, which triggers immune-mediated intestinal damage in celiac disease, causing villous atrophy, malabsorption, and symptoms like diarrhea. Consuming barley exacerbates the condition, leading to nutrient deficiencies and growth issues. It’s an unacceptable food choice, requiring strict avoidance to prevent disease flare-ups in affected children.
Choice C reason: Corn is gluten-free, safe for celiac disease, as it does not contain the proteins that cause mucosal damage. It supports nutrition without triggering inflammation or malabsorption. Corn is an acceptable choice, not contributing to the pathophysiology of celiac disease, making it a suitable dietary option for affected children.
Choice D reason: Wheat contains gluten, causing intestinal damage in celiac disease via immune-mediated villous atrophy, leading to malabsorption and symptoms like diarrhea. While unacceptable, the question specifies one choice, and barley is equally harmful. However, barley is often less recognized, making it the focus for teaching in this context.
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