Which health teaching concept should the nurse emphasize when instructing the parents of a child with polycythemia caused by a congenital heart disorder?

Prepare for seizures.

Expect the skin to turn yellow.

Encourage progressive activity.

Prevent dehydration

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Seizures are not a typical complication of polycythemia, though they may occur if the condition progresses to severe levels of blood viscosity.

B. Yellowing of the skin (jaundice) is not associated with polycythemia but with liver conditions.

C. While activity is important, preventing dehydration is more critical in managing polycythemia because dehydration increases blood viscosity, exacerbating the condition.

D. Preventing dehydration is essential as it helps maintain adequate blood flow and reduces the risk of thrombotic events in a child with polycythemia.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. The pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine is typically administered to older adults or individuals with certain chronic conditions, not routinely to adolescents.

B. The influenza vaccine is important and should be administered annually but is not specific to pre-college preparation.

C. The meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine is recommended for adolescents, especially those preparing to enter college, as it protects against meningococcal disease, which can spread quickly in communal living settings.

D. The Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is used in areas with high tuberculosis incidence and is not a standard immunization for adolescents in the United States.

A. Puberty might be delayed if scrotal changes have not occurred by the age of 11 years. B. Growth spurts in height occur toward the end of mid puberty. C. Changes in the voice signal the beginning of puberty. D. Gynecomastia commonly occurs during late puberty.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Puberty might be considered delayed if there are no scrotal changes by the age of 11 years, as testicular enlargement is one of the earliest signs of puberty in boys.

B. Growth spurts typically occur early in puberty, not towards the end.

C. Changes in voice occur later in puberty, not at the beginning.

D. Gynecomastia (breast tissue development) commonly occurs during early puberty rather than late puberty and is usually temporary.

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Which health teaching concept should the nurse emphasize when instructing the parents of a child with polycythemia caused by a congenital heart disorder?

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