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Which medication classes may be used to treat ARDS?(Select All that Apply.)

Antidepressants

Anticoagulants

Bronchodilators

Antibiotics

Diuretics

Antidiabetic medications

Antiemetics

Corticosteroids

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,C,D,E,H

A. Antidepressants:
Not indicated in the acute management of ARDS.

B. Anticoagulants:
ARDS patients are often immobile and at risk for thromboembolism, so anticoagulants may be used prophylactically.

C. Bronchodilators:
Help relieve bronchospasm and improve airflow, especially in cases where airway resistance contributes to hypoxemia.

D. Antibiotics:
Used when infection is the underlying cause of ARDS (e.g., sepsis, pneumonia).

E. Diuretics:
Can reduce pulmonary edema, although cautiously, since aggressive diuresis may decrease perfusion.

F. Antidiabetic medications:
May be used for glucose control, but not directly indicated for ARDS treatment.

G. Antiemetics:
Not routinely used in ARDS and do not affect respiratory status.

H. Corticosteroids:
Used selectively to reduce inflammation, particularly in late-phase ARDS or COVID-19-associated ARDS.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. "DIC is characterized by an elevated platelet count.
This is incorrect. DIC is characterized by consumption of platelets, leading to thrombocytopenia (low platelet count), not elevation.

B. "DIC is controllable with lifelong heparin usage.
Heparin may be used in some acute cases of DIC, but it is not lifelong nor always indicated. Treatment focuses on the underlying cause.

C. "DIC is a genetic disorder involving a vitamin K deficiency."
DIC is acquired, not genetic, and it is not caused by vitamin K deficiency. It results from abnormal widespread clotting and bleeding due to systemic activation of coagulation.

D. "DIC is caused by abnormal coagulation involving fibrinogen."
Correct. In DIC, fibrinogen is consumed along with platelets, leading to the formation of microthrombi and bleeding due to depletion of clotting factors.

A. "A deregulated cytokine storm causes an inflammatory response." B. The major organ prone to injury during SIRS is the appendix." C. "Activation of the inflammatory cascade causes increased perfusion." D. "Spleen dysfunction causes blood clotting issues."

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. "A deregulated cytokine storm causes an inflammatory response.":
SIRS is triggered by widespread release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (a cytokine storm), which leads to systemic inflammation and potential organ injury.

B. "The major organ prone to injury during SIRS is the appendix.":
The appendix is not a target organ. Organs like the lungs, kidneys, liver, and heart are typically affected in SIRS/MODS.

C. "Activation of the inflammatory cascade causes increased perfusion.":
SIRS typically causes capillary leak and hypotension, leading to decreased perfusion to tissues and organs.

D. "Spleen dysfunction causes blood clotting issues.":
While the spleen plays a role in immune function, coagulation abnormalities in SIRS are primarily due to endothelial damage and systemic inflammation, not direct spleen dysfunction.

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Which medication classes may be used to treat ARDS?(Select All that Apply.)

Nursing Test Bank

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