Which medication classification is most often associated with the side effects of gynecomastia, amenorrhea, and galactorrhea?

Anticholinergic medications.

First-generation (conventional) antipsychotics.

Second-generation (atypical) antipsychotics.

Third-generation antipsychotics.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A rationale

Anticholinergic medications primarily block acetylcholine receptors, commonly leading to side effects like dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, and urinary retention. They do not typically cause hyperprolactinemia-related effects such as gynecomastia (male breast enlargement), amenorrhea (absence of menstruation), or galactorrhea (milky discharge).

Choice B rationale

First-generation (conventional) antipsychotics, like haloperidol, exert a potent Dopamine-2 receptor antagonism in the tuberoinfundibular pathway. This blockade lifts the dopaminergic inhibition on prolactin release from the anterior pituitary, resulting in hyperprolactinemia, which is the direct cause of gynecomastia, amenorrhea, and galactorrhea.

Choice C rationale

Second-generation (atypical) antipsychotics also block D2 receptors but often have a broader receptor profile. While some (like risperidone) can cause hyperprolactinemia, others are prolactin-sparing or cause it less frequently or severely than the first-generation agents.

Choice D rationale

Third-generation antipsychotics, such as aripiprazole, are often dopamine system stabilizers (partial agonists). They are less likely to cause significant D2 blockade and often have a lower risk of inducing hyperprolactinemia and the associated endocrine side effects compared to both first- and some second-generation agents.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Interpersonal therapy (IPT) focuses on current interpersonal relationships and related issues like grief, role disputes, or social deficits. While the client's issue is relational, the core concern about being "too possessive" suggests an underlying, often unconscious, pattern of relating rooted in past experiences, which is better suited to psychodynamic exploration.

Choice B rationale

Psychodynamic therapy is the most suitable approach because it explores how early childhood experiences and unconscious processes (like transference and defense mechanisms) influence current relationship patterns and emotional conflicts. Possessiveness is often viewed as a maladaptive defense against deeper fears of abandonment, making an exploration of these historical roots essential.

Choice C rationale

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is highly effective for modifying distorted thought patterns and specific maladaptive behaviors (e.g., compulsions). While CBT could address the behavior of possessiveness, it might not fully explore the root emotional and developmental basis of the possessive tendency, which is crucial for lasting change in relationship dynamics.

Choice D rationale

Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) is primarily designed for individuals with severe emotion dysregulation and impulsive behaviors, often associated with Borderline Personality Disorder. While it teaches valuable skills in mindfulness and distress tolerance, it is generally considered overly specialized for the possessiveness issue described without evidence of pervasive instability or severe self-harm.

A. Rapid, pressured speech. B. Hyperactive behavior. C. Lack of sleep. D. Grandiose thoughts.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Rapid, pressured speech, or tachylalia, is a common behavioral manifestation of mania, indicating an accelerated thought process known as a flight of ideas. While it affects communication and social interaction, it is a safety or security need concern (difficulty following rules, potential for anger) or a psychological need, ranking lower than physiological needs in Maslow's Hierarchy.

Choice B rationale

Hyperactive behavior reflects a state of psychomotor agitation and increased energy characteristic of mania, often leading to impulsive or non-goal-directed actions. This is primarily a safety and security need concern due to the risk of accidental injury or harm to self or others, placing it below the fundamental physiological needs in Maslow's hierarchy.

Choice C rationale

Lack of sleep, or insomnia, is a disruption of a fundamental physiological need essential for maintaining homeostasis, physical health, and cognitive function. According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, physiological needs (like sleep, food, water, and breathing) must be met first, making this symptom the highest priority for intervention.

Choice D rationale

Grandiose thoughts are an alteration in thought content, reflecting an inflated sense of self-worth, power, or identity common in mania. This symptom relates to the need for self-esteem or self-actualization in Maslow's model, which are higher-level psychological needs, thus having a lower priority than the client's basic physiological needs.

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Which medication classification is most often associated with the side effects of gynecomastia, amenorrhea, and galactorrhea?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which type of therapy would be advised for a patient with a history of three failed engagements who is concerned about being "too possessive"?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is providing care to a 28-year-old client diagnosed with bipolar disorder who was admitted in a manic state. According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs theory, the nurse should identify which client symptom as having priority?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse asks an adult patient, "Are you going to finish eating your dinner?" The patient yells at the nurse, "You are just like my mother: always trying to make me feel guilty if I don't eat my entire meal.”. Which occurrence is evident in the patient's statement?

A nurse is talking with a patient, and 5 minutes remain in the session. The patient has been silent most of the session. Another patient comes to the door of the room, interrupts, and says to the nurse, "I really need to talk.”. What is the correct response from the nurse?

Which individual may need involuntary hospitalization?

Which nursing intervention demonstrates the theory behind operant conditioning?

Which component of treatment of mental illness is specifically recognized by Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN)?

The client says, "My marriage is just great. My spouse and I always agree.”. The nurse observes the client's foot moving continuously as the client twirls a shirt button. What conclusion can the nurse draw about the client's statement?

Which intervention has the highest priority when caring for an adolescent diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) who has poor judgment, high risk-taking behaviors, and impulsivity?

The nurse meets with the patient to review the patient's treatment goals. Which characteristic involves accurately perceiving the patient's feelings, perspective, and situation?