Which one is not a step of pharmacokinetics?
Distribution:
Metabolism
Absorption
Synthesis
The Correct Answer is D
A) Distribution:. Distribution refers to the process by which a drug is transported throughout the body after it is absorbed into the bloodstream. It involves the movement of the drug to various tissues and organs, where it can exert its effects. Factors such as blood flow, tissue permeability, and protein binding affect distribution.
B) Metabolism:
Metabolism refers to the biochemical process by which the body breaks down drugs into metabolites, usually in the liver. Metabolism can transform drugs into more easily excreted forms and sometimes alters the drug’s activity. It is essential for drug clearance and can affect drug efficacy and toxicity.
C) Absorption:
Absorption is the first step in pharmacokinetics, where the drug enters the bloodstream after being administered. It occurs primarily in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract for oral medications but can also happen in other routes like subcutaneous or intramuscular injections. The rate and extent of absorption are influenced by factors such as drug formulation, route of administration, and presence of food.
D) Synthesis:
Synthesis refers to the process of creating substances, such as drugs or other compounds, typically within the body or in a laboratory setting. While drug synthesis is crucial in drug development, it is not a step involved in the movement or processing of drugs within the body (which is what pharmacokinetics describes). Pharmacokinetics focuses on how the body handles drugs, not how they are created.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A) Gamma globulin
Gamma globulin is a blood product used to provide passive immunity by supplying antibodies to prevent or treat certain infections. It is not used for digitalis toxicity, so A is incorrect.
B) Cardizem
Cardizem (diltiazem) is a calcium channel blocker primarily used for controlling heart rate and treating conditions such as atrial fibrillation or angina. It is not used as an antidote for digoxin toxicity, so B is incorrect.
C) Protamine
Protamine is a medication used to reverse the effects of heparin, an anticoagulant. It works by neutralizing the anticoagulant activity of heparin, but it is not used to treat digitalis (digoxin) toxicity, so C is incorrect.
D) Digoxin immune fab
Digoxin immune fab is the specific antidote for digoxin toxicity. It consists of antibodies that bind to digoxin molecules, thereby neutralizing their toxic effects on the heart. This antidote is used when a patient exhibits severe symptoms of digoxin toxicity, such as arrhythmias or life-threatening effects on the heart. Therefore, D is the correct answer.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Given:
Volume of fluid: 1 liter = 1000 mL
Infusion time: 6 hours
Drop factor: 10 gtt/mL
Formula:
Flow rate (gtt/min) = (Volume (mL) / Time (hr)) x Drop factor (gtt/mL) / 60 min/hr
Step 1: Calculate the infusion rate in mL/hr:
Infusion rate (mL/hr) = Volume (mL) / Time (hr)
Infusion rate (mL/hr) = 1000 mL / 6 hr
Infusion rate (mL/hr) = 166.67 mL/hr
Step 2: Calculate the flow rate in gtt/min:
Flow rate (gtt/min) = (Infusion rate (mL/hr) x Drop factor (gtt/mL)) / 60 min/hr
Flow rate (gtt/min) = (166.67 mL/hr x 10 gtt/mL) / 60 min/hr
Flow rate (gtt/min) = 1666.7 gtt/hr / 60 min/hr
Flow rate (gtt/min) = 27.78 gtt/min
Step 3: Round to the nearest whole number:
Flow rate (gtt/min) ≈ 28 gtt/min
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